Place:Cumbria, England

Watchers
NameCumbria
Alt namesCambriasource: Canby, Historic Places (1984) I, 215
CMAsource: Curious Fox: UK Counties and Shires [online] (2002). accessed 16 Dec 2002
Cumbrsource: Gazetteer of Great Britain (1999) xvii
TypeModern county
Coordinates54.517°N 3.017°W
Located inEngland     (1974 - )
See alsoCumberland, Englandadministrative county merged into Cumbria in 1974
Westmorland, Englandadministrative county merged into Cumbria in 1974
Lancashire, Englandadministrative county from which sections were merged into Cumbria in 1974
West Riding of Yorkshire, England|administrative county from which sections were merged into Cumbria in 1974
Contained Places
Ancient parish
Aldingham ( 1974 - )
Colton ( 1974 - )
Dalton in Furness ( 1974 - )
Kirkby Ireleth ( 1974 - )
Pennington (near Ulverston) ( 1974 - )
Sedbergh ( 1974 - )
Ulverston ( 1974 - )
Urswick ( 1974 - )
Borough (municipal)
Barrow in Furness ( 1974 - )
Cathedral city
Carlisle ( 1974 - )
Chapelry
Allhallows ( 1974 - )
Borrowdale ( 1974 - )
Buttermere ( 1974 - )
Cockermouth ( 1974 - )
Embleton ( 1974 - )
Whitehaven ( 1974 - )
Civil parish
Above Derwent ( 1974 - )
Allhallows ( 1974 - )
Allonby ( 1974 - )
Alston with Garrigill ( 1974 - )
Arlecdon and Frizington ( 1974 - )
Aspatria and Brayton ( 1974 - )
Aspatria ( 1974 - )
Bassenthwaite ( 1974 - )
Beckermet St. Bridget ( 1974 - )
Bewaldeth and Snittlegarth ( 1974 - )
Blennerhasset and Kirkland ( 1974 - )
Blindbothel ( 1974 - )
Bolton ( 1974 - )
Bootle ( 1974 - )
Borrowdale ( 1974 - )
Bothel and Threapland ( 1974 - )
Brackenthwaite ( 1974 - )
Bridekirk ( 1974 - )
Brigham ( 1974 - )
Bromfield ( 1974 - )
Buttermere ( 1974 - )
Carlisle ( 1974 - )
Castlerigg St. John's and Wythburn ( 1974 - )
Cleator Moor ( 1974 - )
Cockermouth ( 1974 - )
Corney ( 1974 - )
Cummersdale ( 1974 - )
Dean ( 1974 - )
Distington ( 1974 - )
Drigg and Carleton ( 1974 - )
Egremont ( 1974 - )
Embleton ( 1974 - )
Ennerdale and Kinniside ( 1974 - )
Garsdale ( 1974 - )
Gosforth ( 1974 - )
Great Clifton ( 1974 - )
Greysouthen ( 1974 - )
Hartsop and Patterdale
Holme St. Cuthbert ( 1974 - )
Kirkandrews upon Eden ( 1974 - )
Kirkandrews upon Esk ( 1974 - )
Kirkland and Blencarn ( 1974 - )
Millom Without ( 1974 - )
Sedbergh ( 1974 - )
Westnewton and Allonby ( 1974 - )
Whitehaven ( 1974 - )
Workington ( 1974 - )
Deserted settlement
Netherby
District municipality
Allerdale District ( 1974 - )
Borough of Barrow in Furness ( 1974 - )
City of Carlisle District ( 1974 - )
Copeland District ( 1974 - )
Eden District ( 1974 - )
South Lakeland District ( 1974 - )
Inhabited place
Ackenthwaite
Aiketgate
Aikhead
Aisgill ( 1974 - )
Ambleside
Appleby in Westmorland ( 1974 - )
Arnside
Backbarrow
Bardsea
Beetham
Boot
Botcherby
Bowness on Windermere ( 1974 - )
Bowness-on-Solway
Bowness-on-Windermere
Brampton
Brantwood
Brough
Brough-under-Stainmore
Brougham
Broughton in Furness
Burton in Kendal ( 1974 - )
Calder Bridge
Caldewgate ( 1974 - )
Calthwaite
Cargo
Carr Bank
City of Carlisle District ( 1974 - )
Cliburn
Coniston
Coupland
Cumwhinton
Dent ( 1974 - )
Drumburgh
Edenhall ( 1974 - )
Elterwater
Fothergill
Garsdale
Grasmere
Hackthorpe
Heversham
High Hesket
High Lorton
High Newton
Holker
Kendal ( 1974 - )
Kents Bank
Keswick ( 1974 - )
Kirkby Lonsdale
Kirkby Stephen
Kirkby-in-Furness
Kirksanton
Lakeside
Leece
Levens
Lindal-in-Furness
Little Orton
Low Newton
Lowther
Maryport ( 1974 - )
Maulds Meaburn
Milnthorpe
Morland
Near Sawrey
Oxenholme
Penrith
Plumpton Wall ( 1974 - )
Rampside
Ravenstonedale
Red Dial
Roadhead
Rydal
Shap
Skinburness
Smithfield
Stainton
Stavely
Storth
Tebay
Temple Sowerby
Thornhill
Tirril
Troutbeck
Uldale
Westward ( 1974 - )
Windermere ( 1974 - )
Winster
Parish
Aldingham ( 1974 - )
Barrow in Furness ( 1974 - )
Blawith and Subberthwaite ( 1974 - )
Broughton East ( 1974 - )
Broughton in Furness ( 1974 - )
Cartmel Fell ( 1974 - )
Claife ( 1974 - )
Colton ( 1974 - )
Coniston ( 1974 - )
Dearham
Dunnerdale with Seathwaite ( 1974 - )
Egton with Newland ( 1974 - )
Haverthwaite ( 1974 - )
Hawkshead ( 1974 - )
Lower Allithwaite ( 1974 - )
Lower Holker ( 1974 - )
Lowick ( 1974 - )
Mansriggs ( 1974 - )
Millom ( 1974 - )
Osmotherley ( 1974 - )
Pennington (near Ulverston) ( 1974 - )
Satterthwaite ( 1974 - )
Skelwith ( 1974 - )
Staveley in Cartmel ( 1974 - )
Staveley in Kendal ( 1974 - )
Torver ( 1974 - )
Upper Allithwaite ( 1974 - )
Upper Holker ( 1974 - )
Urswick ( 1974 - )
Parish (ancient)
Alston with Garrigill ( 1974 - )
Arlecdon and Frizington ( 1974 - )
Aspatria ( 1974 - )
Bassenthwaite ( 1974 - )
Beckermet St. Bridget ( 1974 - )
Bolton ( 1974 - )
Bootle ( 1974 - )
Bridekirk ( 1974 - )
Brigham ( 1974 - )
Bromfield ( 1974 - )
Cleator Moor ( 1974 - )
Corney ( 1974 - )
Cummersdale ( 1974 - )
Dean ( 1974 - )
Distington ( 1974 - )
Drigg and Carleton ( 1974 - )
Egremont ( 1974 - )
Gosforth ( 1974 - )
Holme Cultram ( 1974 - )
Kirkandrews upon Eden ( 1974 - )
Kirkandrews upon Esk ( 1974 - )
Workington ( 1974 - )
Township
Above Derwent ( 1974 - )
Allonby ( 1974 - )
Aspatria and Brayton ( 1974 - )
Bewaldeth and Snittlegarth ( 1974 - )
Blennerhasset and Kirkland ( 1974 - )
Blindbothel ( 1974 - )
Bothel and Threapland ( 1974 - )
Brackenthwaite ( 1974 - )
Bromfield ( 1974 - )
Castlerigg St. John's and Wythburn ( 1974 - )
Great Clifton ( 1974 - )
Greysouthen ( 1974 - )
Holme St. Cuthbert ( 1974 - )
Kirkland and Blencarn ( 1974 - )
Unknown
Asby
Askham
Bampton
Barbon
Barton
Baycliff
Beckermet St. John ( 1974 - )
Clifton
Orton
Urban district
Dalton in Furness ( 1974 - )
Grange over Sands ( 1974 - )
Ulverston ( 1974 - )
source: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names


the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia

Cumbria is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England, bordering Scotland. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local government, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's county town is Carlisle, in the north of the county. The only other major urban area is Barrow-in-Furness on the south-western tip of the county.

The administrative county of Cumbria consists of six districts (Allerdale, Barrow-in-Furness, Carlisle, Copeland, Eden and South Lakeland) and, in 2019, had a population of 500,012 residents. Cumbria is one of the most sparsely populated counties in England, with 73.4 people per km2 (190/sq mi). On 1 April 2023, the administrative county of Cumbria would be abolished and replaced with two new unitary authorities; Westmorland and Furness (Barrow-in-Furness, Eden, South Lakeland) and Cumberland (Allerdale, Carlisle, Copeland).

Cumbria is the third largest ceremonial county in England by area. It is bounded to the north-east by Northumberland, the east by County Durham, the south-east by North Yorkshire, the south by Lancashire, the west by the Irish Sea, the north-west by the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway, and the north by Scottish Borders.

Cumbria is predominantly rural and contains the Lake District National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site considered one of England's finest areas of natural beauty, serving as inspiration for visual artists, writers and musicians. A large area of the south-east of the county is within the Yorkshire Dales National Park, while the east of the county fringes the North Pennines AONB. Much of Cumbria is mountainous and it contains every peak in England over above sea level, with the top of Scafell Pike at being the highest point in England. An upland, coastal and rural area, Cumbria's history is characterised by invasions, migration and settlement, as well as battles and skirmishes between the English and the Scots. Notable historic sites in Cumbria include Carlisle Castle, Furness Abbey, Hardknott Roman Fort, Brough Castle and Hadrian's Wall (also a World Heritage Site).

History

the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia

The county of Cumbria was created in April 1974 through an amalgamation of the administrative counties of Cumberland and Westmorland, to which parts of Lancashire (the area known as Lancashire North of the Sands) and of the West Riding of Yorkshire were added.

During the Neolithic period the area contained an important centre of stone axe production (the so-called Langdale axe factory), products of which have been found across Great Britain. During this period stone circles and henges were built across the county and today 'Cumbria has one of the largest number of preserved field monuments in England'.

While not part of the region conquered in the Romans' initial conquest of Britain in AD 43, most of modern-day Cumbria was later conquered in response to a revolt deposing the Roman-aligned ruler of the Brigantes in AD 69. The Romans built a number of fortifications in the area during their occupation, the most famous being UNESCO World Heritage Site Hadrian's Wall which passes through northern Cumbria.

At the end of the period of British history known as Roman Britain the inhabitants of Cumbria were Cumbric-speaking native Romano-Britons who were probably descendants of the Brigantes and Carvetii (sometimes considered to be a sub-tribe of the Brigantes) that the Roman Empire had conquered in about AD 85. Based on inscriptional evidence from the area, the Roman of the Carvetii seems to have covered portions of Cumbria. The names Cumbria, (the native Welsh name for Wales), Cambria, and Cumberland are derived from the name these people gave themselves, *kombroges in Common Brittonic, which originally meant "compatriots".

Although Cumbria was previously believed to have formed the core of the Early Middle Ages Brittonic kingdom of Rheged, more recent discoveries near Galloway appear to contradict this. For the rest of the first millennium, Cumbria was contested by several entities who warred over the area, including the Brythonic Celtic Kingdom of Strathclyde and the Anglian kingdom of Northumbria. Most of modern-day Cumbria was a principality in the Kingdom of Scotland at the time of the Norman conquest of England in 1066 and thus was excluded from the Domesday Book survey of 1086. In 1092 the region was invaded by William II and incorporated into England. Nevertheless, the region was dominated by the many Anglo-Scottish Wars of the latter Middle Ages and early modern period and the associated Border Reivers who exploited the dynamic political situation of the region. There were at least three sieges of Carlisle fought between England and Scotland, and two further sieges during the Jacobite risings.

After the Jacobite Risings of the 18th century, Cumbria became a more stable place and, as in the rest of Northern England, the Industrial Revolution caused a large growth in urban populations. In particular, the west coast towns of Workington, Millom and Barrow-in-Furness saw large iron and steel mills develop, with Barrow also developing a significant shipbuilding industry. Kendal, Keswick and Carlisle all became mill towns, with textiles, pencils and biscuits among the products manufactured in the region. The early 19th century saw the county gain fame when the Lake Poets and other artists of the Romantic movement, such as William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, lived among, and were inspired by, the lakes and mountains of the region. Later, the children's writer Beatrix Potter also wrote in the region and became a major landowner, granting much of her property to the National Trust on her death. In turn, the large amount of land owned by the National Trust assisted in the formation in 1951 of the Lake District National Park, which remains the largest National Park in England and has come to dominate the identity and economy of the county.


The Windscale fire of 10 October 1957 was the worst nuclear accident in Great Britain's history.

The county of Cumbria was created in 1974 from the traditional counties of Cumberland and Westmorland, the Cumberland County Borough of Carlisle, along with the North Lonsdale or Furness part of Lancashire, usually referred to as "Lancashire North of the Sands", (including the county borough of Barrow-in-Furness) and, from the West Riding of Yorkshire, the Sedbergh Rural District.[1] It is governed by Cumbria County Council.

On 2 June 2010, taxi driver Derrick Bird killed 12 and injured 11 in a spree killing that spanned over 24 kilometres (15 miles) along the Cumbrian coastline.

Local newspapers The Westmorland Gazette and Cumberland and Westmorland Herald continue to use the name of their historic counties. Other publications, such as local government promotional material, describe the area as "Cumbria", as does the Lake District National Park Authority.

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