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Chepstow Rural District covered the southwestern corner of Monmouthshire during the period 1894 to 1974. Its eastern border was the River Wye with Gloucestershire, England, beyond it. On the north was Monmouth Rural District, on the west were the Rural District of Pontypool and St. Mellons (after 1935 Magor and St. Mellons). The southern boundary was the estuary of the River Severn with Somerset and the City of Bristol beyond. The Urban District of Chepstow was on the River Wye.
In 1935 the rural district underwent a major reorganization. Most parishes disappeared and were replaced by new parishes comprising groups of the former ones. The table below lists the parishes in groups under the new parishes.
In 1974, under the Local Government Act of 1972, rural districts ceased to exist as did the historical county of Monmouthshire. The area covered by Chepstow Rural District was transferred to the administrative county of Gwent. In 1996, in another reorganization, the rural district's area was split between the redrawn County of Monmouthshire and the expanded City of Newport.
Parishes
Early Parish | Description | Duration | Later Civil Parish | Duration
| Caer Went | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935 | Caerwent | 1935-1974
| Dinham | Chapelry, Civil parish | 1894-1935
| Llanvair Discoed | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935
| St. Brides Netherwent | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935
| Caldicot | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1974 | |
| Llanvihangel Tor y Mynydd | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935 | Devauden | 1935-1974
| Newchurch East | Parochial area, Civil parish | 1894-1935
| Wolves Newton | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935
| Kilgwrrwg | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1974 | |
| Llansoy | Chapelry, Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935 | Llangwm | 1935-1974
| Llangwm Isaf | Township, Civil parish | 1894-1935
| Llangwm Uchaf | Township, Civil parish | 1894-1935
| Llanvihangel near Roggiett | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1974 | |
| Mathern and St. Pierre | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935 | Mathern | 1935-1974
| Mounton | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935
| Portskewett | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1974 | |
| Ifton | Chapelry, Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935 | Rogiet | 1935-1974
| Roggiett | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935
| Newchurch West | Parochial area, Civil parish | 1894-1935 | Shirenewton | 1935-1974
| Shirenewton | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935
| Howick | Extra parochial area, Hamlet, Chapelry, Civil parish | 1894-1935 | St. Arvans | 1935-1974
| Itton | Chapelry, Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935
| St. Arvans Grange | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935
| St. Arvans | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935
| St. Kingsmark | Chapelry, Civil parish | 1894-1920
| Chapel Hill | Chapelry, Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935 | Tintern | 1935-1974
| Penterry | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935
| Tintern Parva | Chapelry, Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935
| Trelleck Grange | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1935
| Undy | Parish (ancient), Civil parish | 1894-1974 | |
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