Place:Estonia, Russia

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NameEstonia
Alt namesEstlandsource: FHLC
Revalsource: FHLC
Ėstli︠a︡ndii︠a︡source: FHLC
TypeHistorical Province
Located inRussia
See alsoEstoniaCurrently This
Contained Places
District
Gapsal′
Historical district
Revel′
Vezenberg
Veĭsenshteĭn
source: Family History Library Catalog
source: Family History Library Catalog


the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia

The Governorate of Estonia, also known as Governorate of Esthonia (; Pre-reformed ; ) was a governorate in the Baltic region, along with the Livonian and Courland Governorates. It is a part of the Imperial Russian administration (guberniya), which is located in modern-day northern Estonia and some islands in the West Estonian archipelago, including the islands of Hiiumaa (Dagö) and Vormsi (Worms). The Governorate was established in 1796 when Paul I's reform abolished the Viceroyalty (namestnik). Previously, the Reval Governorate existed under Peter I's reign from the Treaty of Nystad, which ceded territory from Sweden to the newly established Russian Empire, until its inexistence in 1783.

From the 1850s until 1914, the Estonian national awakening was influenced and characterized the governorate by general modernization, the reorganization into a modern European society, and the success of the newly emerged nationalist awareness, which realized themselves as Estonians. The accession of Alexander III in 1881 marked the beginning of a period of more rigid Russification. The previous Baltic civil and criminal codes were replaced with Russian ones, and the Russian language replaced the German and Estonian languages. When the Russian Revolution of 1905 spread into Estonia, Jaan Tõnisson founded the National Liberal Party and organized its first congress in Tallinn on November 27, demanding political autonomy for Estonia. In response, the Russian government suppressed the revolution by declaring martial law. Following that, 328 Estonians were repressed by being shot or hanged, and Konstantin Päts and the radical leader Jaan Teemant fled abroad.

In March 1917, following the February Revolution, the governorate was given northern territory from the Governorate of Livonia and granted autonomy on April 12, 1917, forming the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia. Which lasted for years, until February 24, 1918. When the Committee declared the nation's independence in the city of Pärnu, the governorate was fully abolished.

Until the late 19th century the governorate was administered independently by the local Baltic German nobility through a feudal Regional Council.


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