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- source: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
- source: Family History Library Catalog
The following description from John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales of 1870-72 is provided by the website A Vision of Britain Through Time (University of Portsmouth Department of Geography).
- "CLITHEROE, a town, a township, a chapelry, a [registration] sub-district: and a [registration] district, in Lancashire. The town stands on the river Ribble, and on the Blackburn and Chatburn railway, at the foot of Pendle hill, adjacent to the boundary with Yorkshire, 10 miles NW of Blackburn. It was known in early times as Clyderhow, a name partly ancient British, partly Saxon; and it seems to have possessed considerable importance in the time of Henry I.
- "A castle was built, contiguous to it, on an elevated limestone rock, in the time of Henry II., by Robert de Lacy; made a figure for the royalists in the latter part of the civil war; was dismantled in 1649; and is represented now by only a square tower and a distantly enclosing wall. Fine views of the adjaceut country are obtained from the castle tower and from Pendle hill.
- "The town occupies a rising-ground; contains many modern houses; and presents the ordinary appearance of a seat of manufacture. It has a post office‡ under Blackburn, a railway station with telegraph, a banking office, three chief inns, a moot-hall, a court-house of 1864, two churches, three dissenting chapels, a Roman Catholic chapel, a cemetery of 1862, a mechanics' institute, and a free grammar-school. St. Mary's church has a fine tower and spire, and occupies the site of a previous edifice. St. James' church is a modern structure, in the Norman style, with a tower. The free grammar school was founded, in 1554, by Philip and Mary; and has an endowed income of £452. An hospital for lepers anciently stood at Edisforth, on the further side of the Ribble. A weekly market is held on Tuesday; and fairs, on 24 and 25 March, 1 and 2 Aug., the Thursday before the fourth Saturday after Michaelmas day, and 7 and 8 Dec.
- "Nearly one-third of the inhabitants are employed in extensive paper-works and four cotton factories....
The municipal borough is conterminate with Clitheroe township; while the parliamentary borough includes also the townships of Twiston, Downham, Chatburn, Worston, Mearley, Pendleton, Wiswall, Whalley, and Little Mitton, all in the parish of Whalley. Direct taxes in 1857: £4,987. Electors in 1868: 484. Population of the [parliamentary] borough in 1841: 11,324; in 1861, 10,864. Houses: 2,247.
- "The township comprises 2,324 acres. Real property: £20,462; of which £794 are in quarries. Population: 6,990. Houses: 1,432. The property is much subdivided. The manor belonged, from 1348, to the duchy of Lancaster; was given, by Charles II., to General Monk; and belongs now to the Duke of Buccleuch. Good limestone is found and worked.
The chapelry is conterminate with the township or the m. borough; and includes the vicarage of St. Mary and the rectory of St. James in the diocese of Manchester. Value of St. Mary: £180; of St. James: £85. Patron of St. Mary: the Rev. J. H. Anderton; of St. James: Five Trustees. The workhouse is in Bolton-by-Bowland. [Details for the registration district and its sub-district omitted.]"
Research Tips
- See the Wikipedia articles on parishes and civil parishes for descriptions of this lowest rung of local administration. The original parishes were ecclesiastical (described as ancient parishes), under the jurisdiction of the local priest. A parish covered a specific geographical area and was sometimes equivalent to that of a manor. Sometimes, in the case of very large rural parishes, there were chapelries where a "chapel of ease" allowed parishioners to worship closer to their homes. In the 19th century the term civil parish was adopted to define parishes with a secular form of local government. In WeRelate both civil and ecclesiastical parishes are included in the type of place called a "parish". Smaller places within parishes, such as chapelries and hamlets, have been redirected into the parish in which they are located. The names of these smaller places are italicized within the text.
- An urban district was a type of municipality in existence between 1894 and 1974. They were formed as a middle layer of administration between the county and the civil parish and were used for urban areas usually with populations of under 30,000. Inspecting the archives of a urban district will not be of much help to the genealogist or family historian, unless there is need to study land records in depth.
- Civil registration or vital statistics and census records will be found within registration districts. To ascertain the registration district to which a parish belongs, see Registration Districts in Lancashire, part of the UK_BMD website.
- The terms municipal borough and county borough were adopted in 1835 replacing the historic "boroughs". Municipal boroughs generally had populations between 30,000 and 50,000; while county boroughs usually had populations of over 50,000. County boroughs had local governments independent of the county in which they were located, but municipal boroughs worked in tandem with the county administration. Wikipedia explains these terms in much greater detail.
- Lancashire Online Parish Clerks provide free online information from the various parishes, along with other data of value to family and local historians conducting research in the County of Lancashire.
- FamilySearch Lancashire Research Wiki provides a good overview of the county and also articles on most of the individual parishes (very small or short-lived ones may have been missed).
- Ancestry (international subscription necessary) has a number of county-wide collections of Church of England baptisms, marriages and burials, some from the 1500s, and some providing microfilm copies of the manuscript entries. There are specific collections for Liverpool (including Catholic baptisms and marriages) and for Manchester. Their databases now include electoral registers 1832-1935. Another pay site is FindMyPast.
- A map of Lancashire circa 1888 supplied by A Vision of Britain through Time includes the boundaries between the parishes and shows the hamlets within them.
- A map of Lancashire circa 1954 supplied by A Vision of Britain through Time is a similar map for a later timeframe.
- GENUKI provides a website covering many sources of genealogical information for Lancashire. The organization is gradually updating the website and the volunteer organizers may not have yet picked up all the changes that have come with improving technology.
- The Victoria County History for Lancashire, provided by British History Online, covers the whole of the county in six volumes (the seventh available volume [numbered Vol 2] covers religious institutions). The county is separated into its original hundreds and the volumes were first published between 1907 and 1914. Most parishes within each hundred are covered in detail. Maps within the text can contain historical information not available elsewhere.
- A description of the township of Clitheroe from British History Online (Victoria County Histories), published 1911
- A description of the ancient parish of Whalley complete with a map of the parish from British History Online (Victoria County Histories), published 1911
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