Person:Robert of Rhuddlan (1)

Watchers
Robert of Rhuddlan
 
d.Abt 1087
m.
  1. Arnaud de Tilleul - 1090
  2. Robert of Rhuddlan - Abt 1087
  3. Roger _____
Facts and Events
Name[1][3] Robert of Rhuddlan
Alt Name[2] Robert of Rothelent
Gender Male
Death[1] Abt 1087 slain in battle, Hormaheva
Alt Death[2] 1088
Alt Death[3] 3 Jul 1093
Burial[1] Abbey of Saint-Evroul
Reference Number? Q3398203?


the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia

Robert of Rhuddlan (died 3 July 1093) was a Norman adventurer who became lord of much of north-east Wales and for a period lord of all North Wales.

Robert was the son of Humphrey de Tillieul (or Bigod) and Adeliza de Grentemesnil, brother of Arnaud de Tilleul and the cousin of Hugh d'Avranches, the 1st Earl of Chester. He was also the father of William of Rhuddlan who was lost in the White Ship wreck in 1120 off the coast of Barfleur, France. He was recorded to have served as a squire in the court of Edward the Confessor and appears to have come to the Welsh Marches before 1066 in the service of the king. Hugh became Earl of Chester in 1070, and Robert appears to have been appointed Hugh's "commander of troops" in 1072. He immediately began hostilities with the Welsh, and having captured land in the cantref of Tegeingl (North East Wales) he built a Motte-and-bailey castle at Twthill near Rhuddlan, holding the lands as a vassal of Earl Hugh.

When Gruffudd ap Cynan tried to recover the throne of Gwynedd from Trahaearn ap Caradog in 1075, Robert assisted Gruffudd by providing Norman troops. Later the same year Trahaearn counter-attacked and drove Gruffudd to seek refuge in Ireland, but Robert was able to take advantage of the civil war to seize the cantrefs of Rhos and Rhufoniog and to build another castle at Deganwy. He now ruled most of northern Wales east of the River Conwy.

In 1081, Trahaearn ap Caradog, who had been able to prevent Robert from encroaching further west, was killed in the Battle of Mynydd Carn by Gruffudd ap Cynan and his allies. Gruffudd now became king of Gwynedd, but shortly thereafter he was captured by treachery by the Normans at Rhug near Corwen. Gruffudd was imprisoned by Earl Hugh in his castle at Chester, but Robert seems to have been responsible for his capture, since he was the one to claim Gruffydd's lands. Robert built castles at Bangor, Caernarfon, Aberlleiniog and elsewhere. In the Domesday Book he is said to hold all of North Wales apart from lands belonging to the bishoprics of Bangor and St Asaph, holding these lands directly of the king and not as in fief from Earl Hugh. He was liable to an annual rent of £40.

On William the Conqueror's death in 1087, war broke out between his sons. Robert supported the elder son, Robert Curthose and in 1088 he and his troops were involved in the siege of Rochester. They were however obliged to surrender to the forces of William Rufus.

Robert's career was brought to an abrupt end in 1093 at the beginning of the great Welsh revolt. He was enjoying a noontide nap in his castle at Deganwy when the news was brought to him that Welsh raiders had landed in three ships underneath the Great Orme and pillaged his lands. Some sources say that these raiders were led by Gruffudd ap Cynan, who had escaped from captivity in Chester. The raiders had beached their ships and were busy loading the plunder. Robert despatched messengers to gather his troops and hastened to the Great Orme, where he found that the rising tide was about to allow the Welsh to refloat their vessels and get away with the loot before Robert's troops could appear. In a fury, Robert rushed down the slopes to attack them, followed only by his armour-bearer. He was killed by a volley of javelins, and the raiders sailed off with his head attached to the mast of one of the vessels.

Robert's lands in Gwynedd were now taken over by Earl Hugh of Chester, but the Welsh revolt of 1094 led by Gruffudd ap Cynan resulted in the loss of most of this territory.

This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original content was at Robert of Rhuddlan. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with WeRelate, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
References
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 ROBERT of Rhuddlan, in Cawley, Charles. Medieval Lands: A prosopography of medieval European noble and royal families.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Ormerod, George; Peter Leycester; William Smith; William Webb; and Thomas Helsby. The history of the county palatine and city of Chester: compiled from original evidences in public offices, the Harleian and Cottonian mss., parochial registers, private muniments, unpublished ms. collections of successive Cheshire antiquaries, and a personal survey of every township in the county, incorporated with a republication of King's Vale Royal and Leycester's Cheshire antiquities. (London: G. Routledge, 1882)
    1:12.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Robert of Rhuddlan, in Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia.
  4.   Orderici Vitalis, and Augustus Le Prevost (ed.). Historiae ecclesiasticae. (Parisiis: Julium Renouard et socios, 1838)
    Volume 3, Book 8 chap. 3.
  5.   Ordericus Vitalis, and Thomas (trans.) Forrester. The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy. (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1854)
    Volume 2, Book 8, Chapter 3.