Place:Elsaß-Lothringen, Germany

NameElsaß-Lothringen
Alt namesReichsland Elsaß-Lothringensource: Full German name
Elsass-Lothringen
Alsace-Lorrainesource: Source:Family History Library Catalog
Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine
TypeFormer state
Coordinates48.67°N 7°E
Located inGermany     (1871 - 1918)
Also located inFrance     (1919 - present)
Contained Places
Commune
Birkenwald
Jouy-aux-Arches ( 1940 - 1944 )
Lorry-lès-Metz ( 1940 - 1944 )
Pournoy-la-Grasse ( 1940 - 1944 )
Grafschaft
Saarwerden
Historical county
Dagsburg
Inhabited place
Auenheim ( 1871 - 1918 )
Diedenhofen
Heiteren
Hessen
Saarburg
Kanton
Bad Niederbronn
Barr
Benfeld
Bischweiler
Brumath
Drulingen
Erstein
Geispolsheim
Hagenau
Hirsingen
Hochfelden
Horburg
Illkirch-Grafenstaden
Lauterburg
Markolsheim
Molsheim
Oberehnheim
Saales
Saarunion
Schiltigheim
Schirmeck
Schlettstadt
Selz
Thann
Truchtersheim
Wasselnheim
Weißenburg
Wörth
Zabern
Kreis
Forbach
Volchen
Territory/fiefdom
Altkirch
Lutterbach
Wittelsheim
Unknown
Aboncourt
Achen
Achenheim
Achâtel
Adaincourt
Adamsweiler
Aidlingen
Ajoncourt
Alaincourt
Alben
Alberschweiler
Albesdorf
Algolsheim
Algringen
Allenweiler
Alstingen
Altdorf
Alteckendorf
Altenach
Altenbach
Altenheim
Altenstadt
Althorn
Altlixheim
Altmünsterol
Altpfirt
Altrip
Altthann
Altweier
Alzingen
Alémont
Amanweiler
Ammerschweier
Ammerzweiler
Amélécourt
Ancy
Andlau
Andolsheim
Angweiler
Anserweiler
Antilly
Anzelingen
Anzig
Aoury
Apach
Appenweier
Argancy
Argenchen
Armsdorf
Arry
Ars
Ars-Laquenexy
Arsweiler
Artolsheim
Arzenheim
Arzweiler
Aschbach
Attenschweiler
Attiloncourt
Aubecourt
Aue
Auenheim
Augny
Aulnois Seille
Aumetz
Avancy
Avenheim
Avolsheim
Avricourt
Ay
Azoudange
Aßweiler
Bacourt
Balbronn
Baldenheim
Baldersheim
Balgau
Ballersdorf
Balschweiler
Balzenheim
Ban S. Martin
Banzenheim
Barchingen
Barenbach
Baronsweiler
Baronweiler
Barst
Bartenheim
Bassenberg
Battenheim
Batzendorf
Baudrecourt
Baumbiedersdorf
Bazoncourt
Bebelnheim
Bebing
Beckerholz
Behlenheim
Behren
Beiern
Beinheim
Bellefosse
Belmont
Bendorf
Bennweier
Bensdorf
Bentingen
Berenzweiler
Bergbieten
Bergheim
Bergholz
Bergholzell
Berlingen
Berlize
Bermeringen
Bernolsheim
Bernweiler
Berrweiler
Berstett
Berstheim
Berthelmingen
Berweiler
Bessingen
Bettborn
Bettendorf
Bettlach
Bettsdorf
Bettstein
Beuern
Beux
Biberkirch
Bibisch
Biblisheim
Bickenholz
Bidlingen
Biederthal
Biedesdorf
Biesheim
Bietlenheim
Bilwisheim
Bilzheim
Bindernheim
Bingen
Biningen
Bioncourt
Birlenbach
Bischdorf
Bischheim
Bischholz
Bischofsheim
Bischweier
Bisel
Bisping
Bissert
Bisten
Bitsch
Bitschhofen
Bitschweiler
Bizingen
Bliensbach
Blienschweiler
Blies-Gersweiler
Bliesbrücken
Bliesebersingen
Bliesschweyen
Blodelsheim
Blotzheim
Bläsheim
Bolchen
Boler
Bollweiler
Bolsenheim
Boofzheim
Boozheim
Borny
Bosselshausen
Bossendorf
Bourdonnaye
Bourg-Bruche
Brauweiler
Brechlingen
Brehain
Breidenbach
Breisdorf
Breitenau
Bremmelbach
Bretten
Brettnach
Breuschwickersheim
Brinkheim
Brittendorf
Bronvaux
Brubach
Bruchen
Bruderdorf
Brunstatt
Brückensweiler
Brülingen
Brünighofen
Buchingen
Buchy
Burbach
Burg-Rüttgen
Burgaltdorf
Burgfelden
Burgheim
Burlioncourt
Burscheid
Buschbach
Buschborn
Buschdorf
Buschweiler
Busendorf
Bussingen
Buß
Bärendorf
Bärenthal
Béchy
Béfey
Börsch
Bösenbiesen
Bütten
Bütweiler
Cappel
Carspach
Chailly an der Nied
Chailly bei Ennery
Chambrey
Chanville
Charleville
Charly
Chazelles
Cheminot
Chesny
Chestenholz
Cheuby
Chevillon
Chicourt
Chieulles
Château-Bréhain
Château-Salins
Châtel-S. Germain
Chémery
Chénois
Chérisey
Coin bei Cuvry
Coin bei Seille
Coincy
Colligny
Colmar
Colmen
Colombey
Colroy la Roche
Contchen
Conthil
Corny
Courcelles
Coutures
Craincourt
Crastatt
Crépy
Cuvry
Dachstein
Dahlenheim
Dalem
Dalheim
Dalhunden
Dalstein
Dam
Dammerkirch
Dangolsheim
Dann und Vierwinden
Dannelburg
Daubensand
Dauendorf
Dehlingen
Delme
Dentingen
Dessenheim
Destrich
Dettweiler
Deutschenhag
Deutschoth
Deutschrumbach
Devant les Ponts
Dianenkappel
Didenheim
Didingen
Dieblingen
Diebolsheim
Diedendorf
Diedersdorf
Diedingen
Diedolshausen
Diefenbach bei Hellimer
Diefenbach bei Püttlingen
Diefenthal
Diefmatten
Diemeringen
Diesdorf
Diesen
Dietweiler
Dieuze
Dimbsthal
Dingsheim
Dinsheim
Disselingen
Ditschweiler
Dodenhofen
Dollenbach
Dollern
Dolvingen
Domangeville
Domfessel
Dommenheim
Donjeux
Donnelay
Donnenheim
Dorlisheim
Dornach
Dornot
Dorsweiler
Dorweiler
Drachenbronn
Drechingen
Dreibrunnen
Drusenheim
Dunzenheim
Duppigheim
Durchthal
Durstel
Dédeling
Dürkastel
Dürlinsdorf
Dürmenach
Dürningen
Dürrenbach
Dürrenenzen
Düttlenheim
Eberbach bei Selz
Eberbach bei Worth
Ebersheim
Ebersmünster
Ebersweiler
Ebingen
Eblingen
Ebringen
Eckartsweiler
Eckbolsheim
Eckwersheim
Edelingen
Egelshardt
Egisheim
Eglingen
Eichhofen
Eichwald
Elingen
Ellbach
Ellweiler
Elsaß
Elsenheim
Elsingen
Elwingen
Emlingen
Enchenberg
Endorf
Engenthal
Engweiler
Ennery
Enschingen
Enschweiler
Ensisheim
Entringen
Enzheim
Epfig
Eppingen
Erchingen
Ergersheim
Erkartsweiler
Erlenbach
Ernstweiler
Ersdorf
Ersingen
Eschau
Eschburg
Eschen
Eschenzweiler
Escheringen
Eschweiler bei Wolmünster
Eschweiler
Esingen
Essesdorf
Ettendorf
Ettingen
Etzlingen
Ewingen
Ewringen
Eyweiler
Failly
Falk
Falkenberg
Falkweiler
Fameck
Farschweiler
Faulbach
Faxe
Fegersheim
Feldbach
Feldkirch
Felleringen
Fentsch
Filsdorf
Finstingen
Fislis
Fixem
Flachslanden
Flasdorf
Fleisheim
Fletringen
Fleury
Flexburg
Flocourt
Flévy
Flörchingen
Folklingen
Folpersweiler
Folschweiler
Fonteny
Forstfeld
Forstheim
Fort Louis
Fortschweier
Fossieux
Fouday
Foulcrey
Foville
Franken
Fraquelfing
Frauenberg
Freialtdorf
Freiburg
Freibuß
Freimengen
Freisdorf
Fremersdorf
Fresnes en Saulnois
Friedolsheim
Friesen
Friesenheim
Frohmühl
Frontigny
Frécourt
Frémery
Fröningen
Fröschweiler
Furchhausen
Féy
Fêves
Füllern
Füllingen
Fürdenheim
Galfingen
Gambsheim
Gandern
Gandringen
Garburg
Garsch
Gaubivingen
Gauwies
Gebenhausen
Geberschweier
Gebesdorf
Gebling
Gebweiler
Gehnkirchen
Geinslingen
Geishausen
Geispitzen
Geistkirch
Geiswasser
Geisweiler
Gelmingen
Gemar
Genesdorf
Genweiler
Gerbécourt
Gereuth
Germingen
Gerstheim
Gerstlingen
Gertingen
Gertweiler
Geudertheim
Gevenatten
Gewenheim
Geßlingen
Gildweiler
Gimbrett
Gingsheim
Girlingen
Gischingen
Gisingen
Gisselfingen
Givrycourt
Glashütte Sophie
Glatigny
Goin
Goldbach
Gommersdorf
Gondreville
Gondrexange
Gongelfangen
Gorze
Gosselmingen
Gottenhausen
Gottesheim
Gottesthal
Goxweiler
Grandfontaine
Gras
Grassendorf
Graufthal
Gravelotte
Grendelbruch
Greningen
Grenzingen
Greßweiler
Gries
Grigy
Grindorf
Gross-Rederchingen
Großblittersdorf
Großhettingen
Großmoyeuvre
Großtänchen
Grube
Grundweiler
Grussenheim
Grémecey
Gugenheim
Gumbrechtshofen-Bad Niederbronn
Gumbrechtshofen-Oberbronn
Gundershofen
Gundolsheim
Gungweiler
Gunstett
Gunzweiler
Gänglingen
Gänsbacherhof
Görlingen
Görsdorf
Götzenbrück
Güblingen
Günsbach
Haarberg
Habsheim
Habudingen
Hagenbach
Hagendingen
Hagenheim
Haiß
Halleringen
Hallingen im Püttelingen
Hallingen
Halsdorf
Ham unter Varsberg
Hambach
Hampont
Han
Hanau-Lichtenberg
Handschuhheim
Hangenbieten
Hangweiler
Hanhofen
Hannocourt
Hanweiler
Hargarten
Harprich
Harraucourt
Harskirchen
Hartmannsweiler
Harzweiler
Haselburg
Haspelscheid
Hassenburg
Hatten
Hattigny
Hattmatt
Hattstatt
Hauconcourt
Hausen
Hausgauen
Havingen
Hayingen
Hecken
Heckenrausbach
Hecklingen
Hegenheim
Heidolsheim
Heidweiler
Heiligenburg
Heiligenstein
Heiligkreuz
Heimersdorf
Heimsbrunn
Heiningen
Heinkingen
Heinrichsdorf
Heiweiler
Helfrantskirch
Helleringen
Hellimer
Hellingen
Hellohof
Helsdorf
Hemilly
Heming
Henflingen
Hengweiler
Herbitzheim
Herbsheim
Heringen
Herlingen
Hermelingen
Hermersweiler
Herrchweiler
Herzing
Hessange
Hessenheim
Hettenschlag
Heßdorf
Hilbesheim
Hilsenheim
Hilsprich
Himlingen
Hindisheim
Hindlingen
Hinsburg
Hinsingen
Hipsheim
Hirschland
Hirzbach
Hirzfelden
Hoblingen
Hochstatt
Hochstett
Hochwalsch
Hof
Hofen
Hohatzenheim
Hohenfrankenheim
Hohengöft
Hohrod
Hohwald
Hohweiler
Holacourt
Holbach bei Bitsch
Holbach bei S. Avold
Hollingen
Holvingen
Holzheim
Holzweier
Homburg
Homburg-Bidingen
Hommartingen
Hommert
Hottweiler
Huentingen
Hunaweier
Hundlingen
Hundsbach
Hunkirch
Hunspach
Häsingen
Häusern
Hönheim
Hördt
Hültenhausen
Hüningen
Hüntingen
Hürtigheim
Hüsseren-Wesserling
Hüttendorf
Hüttenheim
Ibigny
Ichtratzheim
Illfurt
Illhäusern
Illingen
Illzach
Imbsheim
Imlingen
Immeldingen
Ingenheim
Ingersheim
Inglingen
Ingolsheim
Ingweiler
Innenheim
Insmingen
Insweiler
Iplingen
Irmstett
Isenheim
Issenhausen
Ittenheim
Ittersweiler
Ittlenheim
Jallaucourt
Jebsheim
Jettersweiler
Jettingen
Johanns-Rohrbach
Jouy-aux-Arches
Jungmünsterol
Jury
Jussy
Juville
Kalemburg
Kalhausen
Kaltenhausen
Kammern
Kanfen
Kappelkinger
Kappeln
Karlingen
Kattenhofen
Katzenthal
Kauffenheim
Kaysersberg
Kechingen
Kedingen
Keffenach
Kembs
Kemplich
Kerbach
Kerlingen
Kerprich
Kerzfeld
Keskastel
Kesseldorf
Kestenholz
Kienheim
Kienzheim
Kiffis
Kilstett
Kindweiler
Kingersheim
Kinzheim
Kirberg
Kirchberg am Wald
Kirchberg
Kirchheim
Kirchnaumen
Kirsch
Kitzingen
Klangen
Kleeburg
Klein Bessingen
Klein Ebersweiler
Klein Rederchingen
Kleinfrankenheim
Kleingöft
Kleinlandau
Kleinmoyeuvre
Kleinrosseln
Kleintänchen
Klimbach
Kluingen
Kneuttingen
Knöringen
Knörsheim
Kochern
Kogenheim
Kolbsheim
Koßweiler
Krastatt
Krautergersheim
Krautweiler
Kreuz
Kreuzwald
Kriechingen
Kriegsheim
Kröttweiler
Krüt
Kuhmen
Kurzel
Kurzenhausen
Kutzenhausen
Königsmachern
Köstlach
Kötzingen
Kühlendorf
Künheim
Künzig
Küttingen
Küttolsheim
Lach
Ladonchamps
Lagarde
Lambach
Lampertheim
Lampertsloch
Landersheim
Landingen
Landonvillers
Landorf
Landser
Laneuveville en Saulnois
Laneuveville
Langd
Langenberg
Langensulzbach
Lanningen
Laquenexy
Largitzen
Lascemborn
Laubach
Laumesfeld
Launsdorf
Lautenbach
Lautenbachzell
Lauterfangen
Lauterfingen
Lautermingen
Leberau
Leidingen
Leimbach
Leimen
Leiningen
Leitersweiler
Lellingen
Lembach
Lemberg
Lemmersdorf
Lemoncourt
Lemud
Lengelsheim
Lesse
Lessy
Leutenheim
Ley
Leyweiler
Lezey
Lichtenberg
Liebenzweiler
Liebsdorf
Liederscheid
Liedersingen
Limersheim
Linderchen
Lindre Basse
Lindre Haute
Lingolsheim
Linsdorf
Linthal
Liocourt
Lipsheim
Littenheim
Lixhausen
Lixheim
Liéhon
Lobsann
Lochweiler
Logelnheim
Lommeringen
Longeville bei Cheminot
Longeville
Lorenzen
Lorry
Lorry-Mardigny
Losdorf
Louvigny
Lubeln
Lubécourt
Lucy
Luffendorf
Lupershausen
Luppy
Lupstein
Luttenbach
Lutter
Luttern
Lutzweiler
Lörchingen
Lümschweiler
Lüttingen
Lützel
Lützelburg
Lützelhausen
Lützelstein
Lüxdorf
Macher
Machern
Mackenheim
Mackenhofen
Mackweiler
Magny
Maiweiler
Maizeroy
Maizery
Malancourt
Malaucourt
Mallingen
Malmerspach
Malroy
Mandern
Manhoué
Mansbach
Marange-Silvange
Marieulles
Marimont
Markirch
Marlenheim
Marly
Marsal
Marsilly
Marspich
Marthil
Masmünster
Mattstall
Matzenheim
Maursmünster
Maxe
Maxstadt
Meienheim
Meisengott
Meisenthal
Meistratzheim
Melsheim
Memersbronn
Memmelshofen
Menchhofen
Mengen
Menglatt
Menskirchen
Merkweiler
Merlenbach
Merschweiler
Merten
Merxheim
Merzen
Merzweiler
Metrich
Mettingen
Metz
Metzeral
Metzeresch
Metzerwiese
Metzingen
Michelbach
Mietesheim
Minversheim
Mitschdorf
Mittelbergheim
Mittelbronn
Mittelhausbergen
Mittelhausen
Mittelmüspach
Mittelschäffolsheim
Mittelweier
Mittersheim
Mitzach
Mollau
Mollkirch
Molringen
Mombronn
Momersdorf
Mommenheim
Moncheux
Moncourt
Mondelingen
Mondorf
Monhofen
Monneren
Monsweiler
Mont
Montdidier
Montenach
Monterchen
Montigny
Montois la Montagne
Montoy
Moos
Moosch
Morlingen
Morsbach
Morsbronn
Morschweiler
Morville an der Nied
Morville bei Vic
Morzweiler
Mothern
Moulins
Moussey
Moyenvic
Mulcey
Mundolsheim
Munweiler
Murbach
Mussig
Mussy l'Évêque
Mutterhausen
Mutzenhausen
Mutzig
Männolsheim
Méchy
Mécleuves
Métairies-Saint-Quirin
Méy
Möhringen-Zondringen
Mörchingen
Mörnach
Mühlhausen
Mülhausen
Münzenheim
Münzthal-Sankt Louis
Müttersholz
Nambsheim
Natzweiler
Nebing
Neeweiler
Nehweiler
Neiderehnheim
Nellingen
Neubreisach
Neudorf
Neufmoulins
Neufvillage
Neugartheim
Neuhäusel
Neukirch
Neunhäuser
Neuscheuern
Nidange
Nieder Fillen
Niederaspach
Niederbetschdorf
Niederbruck
Niederburbach
Niederburnhaupt
Niederehnheim
Niederenzen
Niederginingen
Niederhagenthal
Niederham
Niederhaslach
Niederhausbergen
Niederhergheim
Niederhof
Niederhomburg
Niederjeutz
Niederkontz
Niederlarg
Niederlauterbach
Niedermagstatt
Niedermichelbach
Niedermodern
Niedermorschweier
Niedermorschweiler
Niedermüspach
Niederrentgen
Niederrödern
Niederschäffolsheim
Niederseebach
Niedersept
Niederspechbach
Niedersteinbach
Niedersteinbrunn
Niederstinzel
Niedertraubach
Niederum
Niederweiler
Niederwiese
Niffer
Nilvingen
Nitting
Noisseville
Nordhausen
Nordheim
Norroy le Veneur
Northen
Nothalten
Nouilly
Novéant
Obenheim
Ober Fillen
Ober Rentgen
Ober Sülzen
Oberaspach
Oberbetschdorf
Oberbronn
Oberbruck
Oberburbach
Oberburnhaupt
Oberenzen
Obergailbach
Oberhagenthal
Oberhaslach
Oberhausbergen
Oberhergheim
Oberhomburg
Oberhost
Oberjeutz
Oberkontz
Oberlarg
Oberlauterbach
Obermagstatt
Obermichelbach
Obermodern
Obermorschweier
Obermorschweiler
Obermüspach
Oberranspach
Oberrödern
Obersaasheim
Oberschäffolsheim
Oberseebach
Obersept
Obersierck
Oberspechbach
Obersteinbach
Obersteinbrunn
Oberstinzel
Obertraubach
Oberwiese
Obreck
Obrick
Odern
Odratzheim
Offendorf
Offenheim
Offweiler
Ogy
Ohlungen
Ohnenheim
Oltingen
Olwisheim
Ommeray
Oriocourt
Ormersweiler
Orny
Oron
Orschweier
Orschweiler
Osenbach
Osthausen
Ostheim
Osthofen
Ostwald
Ottersthal
Ottersweiler
Ottmarsheim
Ottrott
Pagny
Pange
Peltre
Petersbach
Petersberg
Pettoncourt
Pewingen
Pfaffenheim
Pfaffenhofen
Pfalzburg
Pfalzweier
Pfarrebersweiler
Pfastatt
Pfetterhausen
Pfettisheim
Pfirt
Pfulgriesheim
Philippsburg
Pieblingen
Pierrevillers
Pisdorf
Plaine
Plappeville
Plesnois
Plobsheim
Pommérieux
Pont à Chaussy
Pontigny
Pontoy
Porcelette
Postdorf
Pouilly
Pournoy la Chétive
Pournoy la Grasse
Preisch
Preuschdorf ( 1871 - 1918 )
Prinzheim
Prévocourt
Puberg
Puche
Pulversheim
Puttigny
Puzieux
Quatzenheim
Rahlingen
Rakringen
Rammersmatt
Rangen
Rangwall
Ranrupt
Ranspach
Rantsweiler
Rappoltstein
Rappoltsweiler
Ratzweiler
Rauweiler
Rech
Rederchen
Redingen
Redlach
Regisheim
Reich
Reichenweier
Reichersberg
Reichsfeld
Reichshofen
Reichstett
Reichweiler
Reimelingen
Reimeringen
Reimersweiler
Reinhardsmünster
Reiningen
Reipertsweiler
Reitweiler
Remelfangen
Remelfingen
Remeringen
Remsinger
Reningen
Ressaincourt
Retonféy
Retschweiler
Rettel
Retzweiler
Reutenburg
Rexingen
Reyersweiler
Rezonville
Rheinau
Richeval
Richlingen
Richtolsheim
Riedheim
Rieding
Riedisheim
Riedselz
Riedweier
Riespach
Rimbachzell
Rimlingen
Rimsdorf
Ringeldorf
Ringendorf
Rintingen
Rittershofen
Ritzingen
Rixheim
Rixingen
Rodalben
Rode
Rodemachern
Rodt
Roggenhausen
Rohr
Rohrschweier
Rohrweiler
Rolbingen
Rollingen
Romansweiler
Rombach
Rommelfingen
Roncourt
Roppenheim
Roppenzweiler
Roppweiler
Rosenau
Rosenweiler
Rosheim
Rosteig
Rothau
Rothbach
Rothendorf
Rott
Rottelsheim
Rozérieulles
Roßbrücken
Roßfeld
Roßlingen
Rufach
Ruhlingen
Runzenheim
Rupigny
Ruplingen
Ruprechtsau
Ruxweiler
Ruß
Rädersdorf
Rädersheim
Rémilly
Römerhof
Rörchingen
Röschwoog
Rüderbach
Rülisheim
Rüsdorf
Rüssingen
Rüstenhart
Rüttgen
Saaralben
Saaraltdorf
Saareinsberg
Saareinsmingen
Saargemünd
Saasenheim
Sablon
Sailly
Saint Bernard
Saint Blaise
Saint Epvre
Saint Julien
Saint Jure
Saint Louis
Saint Médard
Saint Privat la Montagne
Saint Privat
Saint Quirin
Sainte Barbe
Sainte Marie aux Chênes
Sainte Ruffine
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Note: In keeping with the 1900-rule at WeRelate, places in Germany are organized as they were in 1900 when Germany was known as the German Empire.

In 1900, Alsace-Lorraine was a state (land) in the German Empire.

Since 1919, this location is in France.

Contents

Wikipedia

the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia

Alsace–Lorraine, now called Alsace–Moselle, is a historical region located in France. It was created in 1871 by the German Empire after seizing the region from the Second French Empire in the Franco-Prussian War and Treaty of Frankfurt. Alsace–Lorraine reverted to French ownership in 1918 as part of the Treaty of Versailles and Germany's defeat in World War I.

When created in 1871, the region was named the Imperial Territory of Alsace–Lorraine ( or ; ; Moselle Franconian/) and as a new territory of the German Empire. The Empire annexed most of Alsace and the Moselle department of Lorraine, following its victory in the Franco-Prussian War. The Alsatian part lay in the Rhine Valley on the west bank of the Rhine River, east of the Vosges Mountains; the section originally in Lorraine was in the upper Moselle valley to the north of the Vosges.

The territory encompassed almost all of Alsace (93%) and over a quarter of Lorraine (26%), while the rest of these regions remained parts of France. For historical reasons, specific legal dispositions are still applied in the territory in the form of a "local law in Alsace–Moselle". In relation to its special legal status, since reversion to France, the territory has been referred to administratively as Alsace–Moselle.

Since 2016, the historical territory has been part of the French administrative region of Grand Est.

History

the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia

Background

The modern history of Alsace–Lorraine was largely influenced by the rivalry between French and German nationalism.

France long sought to attain and then preserve what it considered to be its "natural boundaries", which it considered the Pyrenees to the southwest, the Alps to the southeast, and the Rhine River to the northeast. These strategic claims led to the annexation of territories located west of the Rhine river in the Holy Roman Empire. What is now known as Alsace was progressively conquered by France under and in the 17th century, while Lorraine was incorporated from the 16th century under Henry II to the 18th century under (in the case of the Three Bishoprics, as early as 1552). These border-changes, at the time, meant more or less that one ruler (the local princes and city-governments, with some remaining power of the Holy Roman Emperor) was exchanged for another (the King of France).

German nationalism on the other hand, which in its 19th century form originated as a reaction against the French occupation of large areas of Germany under Napoleon, sought to unify all the German-speaking populations of the former Holy Roman Empire into a single nation-state. As various German dialects were spoken by most of the population of Alsace and Moselle (northern Lorraine), these regions were viewed by German nationalists to be rightfully part of hoped-for united Germany in the future.


From annexation to World War I


In 1871, the newly created German Empire's demand for Alsace from France after its victory in the Franco-Prussian War was not simply a punitive measure. The transfer was controversial even among the Germans: The German Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, was initially opposed to it, as he thought (correctly) it would engender permanent French enmity toward Germany. Some German industrialists did not want the competition from Alsatian industries, such as the cloth makers who would be exposed to competition from the sizeable industry in Mulhouse. Karl Marx also warned his fellow Germans:

"If Alsace and Lorraine are taken, then France will later make war on Germany in conjunction with Russia. It is unnecessary to go into the unholy consequences."

Bismarck and the South German industrialists proposed to have Alsace ceded to Switzerland, while Switzerland would compensate Germany with another territory. The Swiss rejected the proposal, preferring to remain neutral between the French and Germans.

The German Emperor, Wilhelm I, eventually sided with army commander Helmuth von Moltke, other Prussian generals and other officials who argued that a westward shift in the French border was necessary for strategic military and ethnographic reasons. From a linguistic perspective, the transfer involved people who for the most part spoke Alemannic German dialects. At the time, ethnic identity was often based primarily on language, unlike the more multifaceted approach focusing on self identification in use today. From a military perspective, by early 1870s standards, shifting the frontier away from the Rhine would give the Germans a strategic buffer against feared future French attacks. Due to the annexation, the Germans gained control of the fortifications of Metz and Strasbourg (Straßburg) on the left bank of the Rhine and most of the iron resources of Lorraine.

Creating a new Imperial Territory out of formerly French territory would achieve this goal: Although a Reichsland would not technically be part of the Kingdom of Prussia, being governed directly by the Empire (headed by the King of Prussia as Emperor, and the minister-president of Prussia as Imperial Chancellor) would in practical terms amount to the same thing. Thus, by annexing Alsace–Lorraine, Berlin was able to avoid complications with Baden and Bavaria on matters such as new fortifications.


Memory of the Napoleonic Wars was still fresh in the 1870s. Wilhelm I himself had had to flee with the Prussian royal family to East Prussia as a nine year old in 1806 and had served in the Battle of Waterloo. Until the Franco-Prussian War, the French had maintained a long-standing desire to establish their entire eastern frontier on the Rhine, and thus they were viewed by most 19th century Germans as an aggressive and acquisitive people. In the years before 1870 the Germans feared the French more than the French feared the Germans. Many Germans at the time thought that the creation of the new Empire in itself would be enough to earn permanent French enmity, and thus desired a defensible border with their long-standing enemy. Any additional enmity that would be earned from territorial concessions was downplayed as marginal and insignificant in the overall scheme of things.

The annexed area consisted of the northern part of Lorraine, along with Alsace.

  • The area around the town of Belfort (now the French Territoire de Belfort) was unaffected, because Belfort had been defended by Colonel Denfert-Rochereau, who surrendered only after receiving orders from Paris, and was compensated by another territory.
  • The town of Montbéliard and its surrounding area to the south of Belfort, which have been part of the Doubs department since 1816, and therefore were not considered part of Alsace, were not included, although they were a Protestant enclave belonging to Württemberg from 1397–1806.

This area corresponded to the present French départements of Bas-Rhin (in its entirety), Haut-Rhin (except the area of Belfort and Montbéliard), and a small northeast section of the Vosges département, all of which made up Alsace, and most of the départements of Moselle (four-fifths of Moselle) and the northeast of Meurthe (one-third of Meurthe), which were the eastern part of Lorraine.

The remaining two-thirds of the département of Meurthe and the westernmost one-fifth of Moselle, which had escaped German annexation were joined to form the new French département of Meurthe-et-Moselle.


The new border between France and Germany mainly followed the geolinguistic divide between French and German dialects, except in a few valleys of the Alsatian side of the Vosges mountains, the city of Metz and its region and in the area of Château-Salins (formerly in the Meurthe département), which were annexed by Germany although most people there spoke French. In 1900, 11.6% of the population of Alsace–Lorraine spoke French as their first language (11.0% in 1905, 10.9% in 1910).

That small francophone areas were affected was used in France to denounce the new border as hypocrisy, since Germany had justified the annexation on linguistic grounds. The German administration was tolerant of the use of the French language (in sharp contrast to the use of the Polish language in the Province of Posen), and French was permitted as an official language and school language in those areas where it was spoken by a majority. This changed in 1914 with the First World War.

The Treaty of Frankfurt gave the residents of the region until 1 October 1872, to choose between emigrating to France or remaining in the region and having their nationality legally changed to German. About 161,000 people, or around 10.4% of the Alsace–Lorraine population, opted for French citizenship (the so-called Optanden); but, only about 50,000 actually emigrated, while the rest acquired German citizenship.

The sentiment of attachment to France stayed strong at least during the first 16 years of the annexation. During the Reichstag elections, the 15 deputies of 1874, 1881, 1884 (but one) and 1887 were called protester deputies (fr: ) because they expressed to the Reichstag their opposition to the annexation by means of the 1874 motion in the French language:

"May it please the Reichstag to decide that the populations of Alsace–Lorraine that were annexed, without having been consulted, to the German Reich by the treaty of Frankfurt have to come out particularly about this annexation."

The abusive and oppressive behaviour by the German military towards the population of the town of Saverne (the Saverne Affair, usually known in English-language accounts as the Zabern Affair) led to protests not just in Alsace, but in other regions, which put a severe strain on the relationship between the people of Alsace–Lorraine and the rest of the German Empire.

Under the German Empire of 1871–1918, the annexed territory constituted the Reichsland or Imperial Territory of (German for Alsace–Lorraine). The area was administered directly from Berlin, but was granted limited autonomy in 1911. This included its constitution and state assembly, its own flag, and the ("Alsatian Flag Song") as its anthem.

Reichstag election results 1874–1912

1874 1877 1878 1881 1884 1887 1890 1893 1898 1903 1907 1912
Inhabitants (in 1,000) 1550 1532 1567 1564 1604 1641 1719 1815 1874
Eligible voters (in %) 20.6 21.6 21.0 19.9 19.5 20.1 20.3 20.3 21.0 21.7 21.9 22.3
Turnout (in %) 76.5 64.2 64.1 54.2 54.7 83.3 60.4 76.4 67.8 77.3 87.3 84.9
(Aut) 96.9 97.8 87.5 93.3 95.9 92.2 56.6 47.7 46.9 36.1 30.2 46.5
Social Democratic Party of Germany (S) 0.3 0.1 0.4 1.8 0.3 10.7 19.3 22.7 24.2 23.7 31.8
Conservatives (K) 0.0 0.2 2.8 0.0 12.5 14.7 10.0 4.8
Deutsche Reichspartei (R) 0.2 12.0 0.8 1.5 6.6 7.6 6.1 4.1 3.5 2.7 2.1
National Liberal Party (N) 2.1 0.0 1.9 0.7 11.5 8.5 3.6 10.3
Liberals 0.2
Freeminded Union (FVg) 0.0 0.1 6.2 6.4
Progressive People's Party (FVp) 1.4 0.0 1.8 0.5 14.0
Centre Party (Zentrum) (Z) 0.0 0.6 7.1 31.1 5.4
Others 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.2 1.1 1.9 12.0 7.0 5.9 0.2
1874 1877 1878 1881 1884 1887 1890 1893 1898 1903 1907 1912
Mandates
Aut 15
Aut 15
Aut 15
Aut 15
Aut 15
Aut 15
K 1
Aut 10
R 1
N 2
S 1
K 3
Aut 8
R 1
S 2
FVg 1
K 1
Aut 10
R 2
S 1
FVg 1
K 1
Aut 9
R 1
N 1
FVg 1
Vp 1
U 1
R 1
Aut 7
Z 5
S 2
FVg 1
Aut 9
S 5

FVp: Progressive People's Party. formed in 1910 as a merger of all leftist liberal parties.

During World War I

In French foreign policy, the demand for the return of Alsace and Lorraine faded in importance after 1880 with the decline of the monarchist element. When the World War broke out in 1914, recovery of the two lost provinces became the top French war goal.

In the early 20th century, the increased militarization of Europe, and the lack of negotiation between major powers, led to harsh and rash actions taken by both sides in respect to Alsace–Lorraine during World War I. As soon as war was declared, both the French and German authorities used the inhabitants of Alsace–Lorraine as propaganda pawns.

Germans living in France were arrested and placed into camps by the French authorities. Upon occupying certain villages, veterans of the 1870 conflict were sought out and arrested by the French army.

The Germans responded to the outbreak of war with harsh measures against the Alsace–Lorraine populace: the Saverne Affair had convinced the high command that the population was hostile to the German Empire and that it should be forced into submission. German troops occupied some homes. The German military feared French partisans – or francs-tireurs, as they had been called during the Franco-Prussian War – would reappear.

German authorities developed policies aimed at reducing the influence of French. In Metz, French street names, which had been displayed in French and German, were suppressed in January 1915. Six months later, on 15 July 1915, German became the only official language in the region, leading to the Germanization of the towns’ names effective 2 September 1915.

Prohibiting the speaking of French in public further increased the exasperation of some of the natives, who were long accustomed to mixing their conversation with French language (see code-switching); still, the use even of one word, as innocent as "bonjour", could incur a fine. Some ethnic Germans in the region cooperated in the persecution as a way to demonstrate German patriotism.

German authorities became increasingly worried about renewed French nationalism. The Reichsland governor stated in February 1918: "Sympathies towards France and repulsion for Germans have penetrated to a frightening depth the petty bourgeoisie and the peasantry".[1] But in order to spare them possible confrontations with relatives in France but also to avoid any desertion from the Alsatian soldiers to the French army, German Army draftees from Alsace–Lorraine were sent mainly to the Eastern front, or the Navy. About 15,000 Alsatians and Lorrainers served in the German Navy.

Annexation to the French Republic

In the general revolutionary atmosphere of the expiring German Empire, Marxist councils of workers and soldiers formed in Mulhouse, Colmar, and Strasbourg in November 1918, in imitation of the soviets of revolutionary Russia, and in parallel to other such bodies set up in Germany.


In this chaotic situation, Alsace–Lorraine's Landtag proclaimed itself the supreme authority of the land with the name of , the Strasbourg Soviet proclaimed the foundation of a Republic of Alsace–Lorraine, and Jacques Peirotes, the SPD Reichstag representative for Colmar, announced the establishment of French rule, urging Paris to send troops quickly.

The soviet councils disbanded themselves with the departure of the German troops between 11–17 November. The arrival of the French Army stabilized the situation: French troops put the region under military occupation and entered Strasbourg on 5 November. The "Nationalrat" proclaimed the annexation of Alsace to France on 5 December, but this action was not internationally recognized until the Treaty of Versailles was concluded in 1919.

France divided Alsace–Lorraine into the départements of Haut-Rhin, Bas-Rhin, and Moselle (the same political structure as before the annexation and as created by the French Revolution, with slightly different limits). Even today, laws in these three regions are somewhat different from the rest of France – these specific provisions are known as the local law in Alsace–Moselle.

The département Meurthe-et-Moselle was maintained even after France recovered Alsace–Lorraine in 1919. The area of Belfort became a special-status area and was not reintegrated into Haut-Rhin in 1919 but instead was made a full-status département in 1922 under the name Territoire-de-Belfort.

The French Government immediately started a Francization campaign that included the forced deportation of all Germans who had settled in the area after 1870. For that purpose, the population was divided in four categories:  (French citizens before 1870),  (descendants of such French citizens),  (citizens of Allied or neutral states), and  (enemy aliens – Germans). By July 1921, 111,915 people categorized as "" were expelled to Germany. All place names were francizised (e.g., Straßburg → Strasbourg, Mülhausen → Mulhouse, Schlettstadt → Sélestat, etc.).

World War II

Evacuation and deportations

On 1 September 1939, residents of Alsace and Moselle living in the Franco-German border region were evacuated. This comprised about one third of the population of Alsace and Moselle, or about 600,000 residents. The evacuation was aimed at providing space for military operations and for protecting citizens from attack. The evacuees were allowed to return in July 1940, after France surrendered to Germany.

The area then came under German occupation. Nazi laws against homosexuality were applied to Alsace–Moselle, and homosexuals were deported. The Nazis also deported refugee and resident Jews.

German control and the Malgré-nous

After the defeat of France in the spring of 1940, Alsace and Moselle were not formally annexed by Nazi Germany. Although the terms of the armistice specified that the integrity of the whole French territory could not be modified in any way, Adolf Hitler, the German Führer, drafted an annexation law in 1940 that he kept secret, expecting to announce it in the event of a German victory. Through a series of laws which individually seemed minor, Berlin took de facto control of Alsace–Lorraine, and Alsatians–Lorrainians could be drafted into the German Army. During the occupation, Moselle was integrated into a Reichsgau named Westmark and Alsace was amalgamated with Baden. Beginning in 1942, people from Alsace and Moselle were made German citizens by decree of the Nazi government.

Beginning in October 1942, young Alsatian and Lorrainian men were inducted into the German armed forces. Sometimes they were known as the , which could be translated into English as "against our will". A small minority volunteered, notably the author of The Forgotten Soldier, known by the pseudonym Guy Sajer. Ultimately, 100,000 Alsatians and 30,000 Mosellans were enrolled, many of them to fight against the Soviet Red Army, on Germany's Eastern Front. Most of those who survived the war were interned in Tambov in Russia in 1945. Many others fought in Normandy against the Allies as the of the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich, some of whom were involved in the Oradour sur Glane and Tulle war crimes.

Speaking French was prohibited under German occupation, and learning German was obligatory.

Geographical and historical data

the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia


This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original content was at Alsace-Lorraine. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with WeRelate, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.

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source: Family History Library Catalog
wikipedia:November 1918 in Alsace-Lorraine