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Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who became the first human to journey into outer space. Travelling in the Vostok 1 capsule, Gagarin completed one orbit of Earth on 12 April 1961. By achieving this major milestone in the Space Race he became an international celebrity, and was awarded many medals and titles, including Hero of the Soviet Union, his nation's highest honour.
Vostok 1 was Gagarin's only spaceflight, but he served as the backup crew to the Soyuz 1 mission, which ended in a fatal crash, killing his friend and fellow cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov. Fearful that a national hero might be killed, Soviet officials banned Gagarin from further spaceflights. After completing training at the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy in February 1968, he was again allowed to fly regular aircraft. Gagarin died five weeks later when the MiG-15 training jet he was piloting with flight instructor Vladimir Seryogin crashed near the town of Kirzhach.
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/sts1/gagarin_anniversary.html accessed 10 Apr 2017 Yuri Gagarin: First Man in Space April 12 was already a huge day in space history twenty years before the launch of the first shuttle mission. On that day in 1961, Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin (left, on the way to the launch pad) became the first human in space, making a 108-minute orbital flight in his Vostok 1 spacecraft.
ROSCOSMOS State Space Corporation Russian Federal Space Agency.
Vostok program (First man in space) The Vostok program was a Soviet human spaceflight project to put the first Soviet citizens into low Earth orbit and return them safely. It succeeded in placing the first human, Yuri Gagarin, into space, in a single orbit in Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961. The Vostok capsule was developed from the Zenit satellite project and adapted the Vostok launch rocket from the existing R-7 Semyorka missile design. The name "Vostok" was treated as classified information until Gagarin's flight was first publicly disclosed to the world press.
First man in space On April 12, 1961, the USSR opened the era of manned spaceflight, with the flight of the first cosmonaut (Russian name for space travelers), Yuri Gagarin.
Yuri Gagrin Gagarin's flight, part of the Soviet Vostok space exploration program, took 108 minutes and consisted of a single orbit of the Earth.
http://www.gctc.ru/main.php?id=1050 accessed 10 Apr 2017 Gagarin Yuri A. Hero of Soviet Union, Soviet cosmonaut Number of flights: 1 Incursions: 00 days. 1:00. 48 min. WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP: the first cosmonaut of the planet. April 12, 1961 made a space flight on board the spaceship "Vostok" is the first in the history of mankind. DATE AND PLACE OF BIRTH: March 9, 1934, p. Klushino Gzhatsk (now Gagarin) district of Smolensk region., The Russian Federation (Russia). EDUCATION: September 1941 - he enrolled in the 1st grade of secondary schools. Klushino; Of 1945-1949. - I studied (graduated from 6th grade) in a secondary school in Gzhatsk; 1949-1951 gg. . - a student of a vocational school № 10 in Lyubertsy, Moscow Region, has received a specialty "molder-caster"; 1951 - graduated from the 7th grade at the school for working youth № 1 Lyubertsy; 1951-1955 gg. - a student of the Saratov Industrial Technical School in the specialty "Foundry", graduated with distinction; September 4, 1954 - October 1, 1955 - worked in the Saratov Regional flying club; 1957 - graduated from the 1st Chkalovskoye Vaul them. KE Voroshilov, Orenburg, South Ural Military District, on the fighter's profile under the first category; September 1, 1961 - March 2, 1968 - the listener VVIA them. NOT. Zhukovsky, Faculty of Engineering. ACTIVITIES Before enrolling in the cosmonaut: from November 5, 1957 - at the disposal of the commander of the Air Force of the Northern Fleet (NF); from December 29, 1957 - Air Force pilot SF, pos. Luostari-new, Murmansk region .; October 24, 1959 - was presented to senior airman. DATE regaining ORDER (№ SET DATE): March 7, 1960 - the order of the Commander of the Air Force enlisted listener-cosmonaut in the cosmonaut corps CTC Air Force (1st set); January 25, 1961 - he appointed and was qualified as a cosmonaut "cosmonaut Air Force." classiness: Military Pilot 1st Class (1961), astronaut class 3 (1961). OVERRIDE: September 1965 - April 1967 - Commander of the active spacecraft "Soyuz" in the 2 nd of the crew; April 23, 1967 - understudy commander of spacecraft "Soyuz-1" Vladimir Komarov. COMMITTED spaceflight: April 12, 1961 as the spacecraft "Vostok" pilot. The lander and cosmonaut landed near the village. Smelovka Tarnovo district of Saratov region. Flight duration: 00 days. 1:00. 48 min. Callsign: "Cedar". Released from the squad: April 15, 1968 - excluded from the lists of the officers of the USSR Armed Forces as a victim while on duty. HONORABLE SIR: City: Kaluga (1961), Lyubertsy (posthumous, 1987), Novocherkassk, Sumgait, Smolensk, Vinnitsa, Novozybkov and Novozybkov district, Bryansk region (1966), Sevastopol, Saratov (1967), Leninsk (now Baikonur, posthumously, 1977) - all USSR, as well as Sofia, Pernik (1966), Burgas (1966) - all of Bulgaria, Athens (Greece), Famagusta, Limassol (Cyprus), Saint-Denis, Puteaux (1963, France), Trencianske Teplice, Martin (1961, CSSR). Yuri Gagarin was on eternal storage golden key to the city gates of Cairo and Alexandria (1962, Egypt). Yuri Gagarin Gagarin named: Gagarin (former g.Gzhatsk) and Gagarin district (former Gzhatsk district) of the Smolensk region. His name was given to established g.Gagarine Memorial Museum, the Red Air Force Academy in the village. Monino, Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City. His name was given to research vessels, schools and technical schools. Yakutsk Regional Printing House. A bronze bust of JA Gagarin is set in Moscow on the Walk of Heroes space. Monument in Star City (opened in 1971, the sculptor B.Dyuzhev architect A.Zavarzin). A bronze bust of fifteen YA Gagarin is set on the 2nd floor of the cosmodrome Baikonur. Are monuments in Moscow (on Gagarin Square), g.Gagarine, Leninsk (now Baikonur, 1984, sculptor A. Posotsky) on the square named after him, Sofia. CHP them. Yuri Gagarin in Vishonte in Hungary (1973). Gagarin named after a crater on the far side and the small planet №1772. AWARDS: medal "Gold Star" Hero of the Soviet Union (1961), the Order of Lenin (1961), the medal "For development of virgin lands" (1961), 4 commemorative medals, the medal "Gold Star" Hero of Socialist Labor of Bulgaria (1961 g), the Order Georgiya Dimitrova (1961), medal "Gold Star" Hero of Socialist Labor of Czechoslovakia (1961), Cross of the Order of Grunwald I degree (1961, Poland), Order of the "Bay of Pigs" (1961 Cuba), the Order "For merits in the field of aeronautics (1961, Brazil), the Order of the State Banner of Hungary (1961), the Order of" Nile Necklace "(1962, SAR), an award, a sign and more tapes Afri Kan Star of the Order, "Light in the Darkness" (1962, Liberia), Hero of Labor of Vietnam (1962), Order of the Star 2nd Class (Indonesia, 1961), Order Karla Marksa (1963, GDR) , a gold medal Tsiolkovsky (USSR), medal of de Lavaux (FAI), a gold medal and an honorary diploma of the International Association "Man in space", a gold medal and diploma of honor of the Italian space Association, a gold medal "For outstanding contrast" and an honorary diploma of the Royal Aero Club of Sweden, the gold medal of the British interplanetary society, Grand gold medal and di Plomo FAI award Galaber astronautics, for outstanding achievements in the study of the cosmos (1963), the gold and silver medals of the astronomical observatory and planetarium Stara Zagora (Bulgaria), Columbus medal (Italy), Golden Badge of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Finland (1961 g), medal Communards 18 March 1871 (France, 1963), gold medal of the city of Puteaux (France, 1963), gold medal of the city of Saint-Denis (France), a medal in honor of the proclamation Y. Gagarin's first honorary member of the United Steelworkers of England and Ireland (Manchester. 1961), a sign of the Central Committee of Komsomol "For active work in the Komsomol" (posthumous, 1970), Medal of SP Federal Antimonopoly Service of the USSR Queen (posthumous, 1972), Medal of SP Queen of the Academic Council of the OKB-1 Enterprise (1967), a badge and a diploma "For the active promotion of the achievements of space exploration, ideas KE Tsiolkovsky "State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics them. KE Tsiolkovsky (posthumous, 1974), the medal "For active work to promote the ideas of KE Tsiolkovsky and Space "(posthumous, 1974), " Honorary builder of Komsomolsk-on-Amur 1932-1957 "(1962), Diploma of the USSR National Economy for the development and implementation of technology (1967). Yuri Gagarin was on eternal storage golden keys to the gate in Cairo and Alexandria (1962, Egypt). PUBLICATIONS: Author of "Road to Space" (1962), "I can see the Earth" (1976), co-author of the book "Psychology and Space" (1971). DATE AND CAUSE OF DEATH: March 27, 1968 - died in a plane crash on an airplane MiG-15 UTI together with test pilot, Colonel VS Seregin during a training flight. The plane crashed near the village. Novoselovo Kirzhach Vladimir region. The exact cause of the crash has not been established. He was buried in the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow.
Birth: Mar. 9, 1934, Smolensk Oblast, Russia Death: Mar. 27, 1968, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia Burial: Kremlin Wall Necropolis, Moscow, Moscow Federal City, Russia
Soviet Cosmonaut. He was the first human into outer space, making one orbit of the earth in an hour and 48 minutes of flight. Born the third of four children in Klushino, near Gzhatsk, his parents were workers on a Soviet collective farm; his father was a carpenter and his mother a homemaker. During World War II, his family suffered significantly, as did many Soviet families, and his two elder siblings were taken to Germany in 1943 as forced labor; they did not return to the family until several years after the war. Highly intelligent, Gagarin was greatly influenced by his math teacher, who was a pilot in the Red Air Force during World War II. After beginning an apprenticeship in a metalworks factory and while attending technical school, Gagarin joined the local aero club, and learned to fly small planes. In 1955, he entered military flight training at the Orenburg Pilot's School, graduating two years later as a MiG-15 pilot. While there, he met Valentina Gorycheva, and they married shortly after his pilot's graduation. Following graduation, he was posted to an airbase in the Murmansk region, near the border with Norway. In 1960, he was selected along with 19 other men, for the Soviet space program. Of the twenty, he was eventually selected to become the first cosmonaut, probably due to his excellent performance during training, his modest upbringing, and his genial outgoing personality. On April 12, 1961, Gagarin became the first human to travel into space, in Vostok 1 (Russian designation: Vostok 3KA-2). While still in orbit, he was promoted from Senior Lieutenant to Major (skipping the rank of Captain), because many senior political leaders thought he would probably die rather than survive the flight. Upon his return, Gagarin became an instant celebrity, and toured the world to promote the Soviet achievements in space. Following his world tour, he returned to his duties at Star City, the cosmonaut training facility, where he continued to train and worked on a design for a reusable spacecraft. In 1967, he was selected as the backup for the first Soyuz launch, and was selected to be the Deputy Training Director of the space academy, a position that required him to requalify as a fighter pilot. On March 27, 1968, he was killed in the crash of his two-seat MiG-15 Trainer, along with his instructor, while on a training flight near Kirzhach. While the exact cause of the crash remains uncertain, poor weather and the nearby pass of an SU-11 Interceptor (causing turbulence) were considered contributing factors. Following his death, his hometown of Gzhatsk was renamed Gagarin in his honor. (Bio by: Kit and Morgan Benson)
↑ Author of "Road to the Stars" (autobiography), "I Can See the Earth", "Psychology and Space" (study of future exploration in space)
