Theobald Butler, 5th Baron Caher was the son of Piers Butler and Catherine O'Brien. He married, firstly, Mary Everard, daughter of Sir Redmond Everard, 2nd Bt. and Elizabeth Butler, before 1692. He married, secondly, Margaret Butler, daughter of Piers Butler, 4th Baron Caher and Elizabeth Mathew, in February 1693.2 He died on 27 September 1700. He was buried at Caher, County Tipperary, Ireland.
He succeeded to the title of 5th Baron Caher [I., 1583] on 30 January 1676/77. On 7 January 1689 he sat in the Parliament of King James II. In 1691 he was outlawed, but restored on 19 January 1692/3, although his estates suffered as a result.2 He acquired the manor of Castle Grace and other lands in County Tipperary through his second wife.