Walkers Journal of 1749-1750

Contents 1 March 1.1 Rock Fish and Tye Rivers 1.2 Crossing the Fluvanna 1.3 Roanoke 1.4 on Reedy Creek and the Holston 1.5 Stalnakers 1.6 N. Fork Holston 1.7 Near Bristol 1.8 Long Island of Holston 2 April 2.1 Leaving the Holston 2.2 Holy Creek , Crossing at Big War Gap 2.3 Crossing the Clinch 2.4 Crossing at Mulberry Gap 2.5 Beween Newman’s Ridge and Powell Mt 2.6 Cumberland Gap 2.7 Near Artemus 2.8 Cumberland River 3 May 3.1 Powell’s River 3.2 Tomlinson’s River 3.3 Lawlesses River 3.4 Station Camp Creek 4 June 4.1 Licking River 4.2 At the Louisa River 4.3 Rough Going 5 Laurel Creek 5.1 Dismal Creek 5.2 New River 6 Up the Greenbriar 6.1 Inland 7 Jackson’s River 7.1 Civilization 8 Panther Gap 9 Augusta Court House 10 Home Again

Welcome to the SWVP Tapestry! ……………………..The Tapestry Families Old Chester OldAugusta Germanna New River SWVP Cumberland Carolina Cradle The Smokies Old Kentucky

SWVP Tapestry Families Maps Library History Culture

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Index to Articles
An Overview
Summers Summary
Early Exploration Routes
Abraham Wood, 1654
Batts and Fallam 1671
Knights of the Golden Horseshoe, 1716
William Byrd 1736
Dr. Thomas Walker 1749-1750
Gist's Journal, 1750-1751

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March

Rock Fish and Tye Rivers

March 7th. We set off about 8, but the day proving wet, we only went to Thomas Joplin's on Rockfish. This is a pretty River, which might at small expense be made fit to transport tobacco; but it has lately been stopped by a small Mill Dam near mouth to the prejudice of the upper inhabitants who would after their own expense clear make it navigable, were they permitted.

March 8th. We left Joplin's early. It began to rain about noon. I left my people at Thomas Jones’ and went to the Reverend Mr. Robert Rose’s on Tye River. This is about the size of rock fish, a yet opened, but how long the avarice of Miller's will permit it to be so, I know not. At present the inhabitants enjoy plenty of fine fish, a Shad in season, Carp, Rocks, Fat-Backs which a suppose to be Trench, Perch, Mullets etc.

March 9th. As the weather continues unlikely, I move only to Baylor Walker's quarters.

March 10th. The weather is still cloudy, and leaving my people at the Quarter I rode to Mr. John Harvey's, where I dined and returned to the Quarters in ye evening.

March 11th. Sabbath.

Crossing the Fluvanna

March 12th. We crossed the Fluvanna and lodged at Thomas Hunt's.

March 13th. We went early to William Calloway's and supplied ourselves with Rum, Thread, and other necessities and from thence took the main wagon road leading to the Wood's or the New River. It is not well clear'd or beaten yet, but will be a very good one with proper management. This night we lodged in Adam Beard's low grounds. Beard is an ignorant, imprudent, Brutish fellow, and would have taken us up, had it not been for a reason easily to be suggested.

March 14th. We went from Beards' to Nicholas Welches, where we bought corn for our horses, and had some Victuals dress'd for dinner, after-wards we crossed the Blue Ridge. The Ascent and Descent is so easie that a stranger would not know when he crossed the Ridge. It began to rain about noon and continued to till night. We lodged at William Armstrong's. Corn is very scarce in these parts.

Roanoke

March 15th. We went to the great Lick on a Branch of the Staunton & bought corn of Michael Campbell for our Horses. This lick has been one of the best places for Game in these places in thrse parts and would have been of much greater advantage to the Inhabitants than it has been if the hunters had not killed the Buffaloes for diversion, and the Elks and Deer for their skins. This afternoon we got to the Staunton where the Houses of the inhabitants had been carried off with their grain and Fences by the Fresh last summer, and lodged at James Robinson's, the only place I could hear of were they had corn to spare, notwithstanding the land in such that an industrious man might make 100 barrels a share in a Seasonal year.

16th. March. We kept up the Staunton to William Englishes. He lives on a small Branch, and was not much hurt by the Fresh. He has a mill, which is the furthest back except one lately build by the Sect of People, who call themselves of the Brotherhood of the Euphrates, and are commonly called the Duncards, who are the upper inhabitants of the New River, which is about 400 yards wide at this place. They live on the west side and were obliged to swim our horses over.

17th The Duncards are an odd set of people, who make it a matter of Religion not to Shave their Beards, lie on Beds, or eat Flesh, though at present, in the last, they transgress, being constrained to it, as they say, by the want of a sufficiency of Grain and Roots, they have not long been seated here. I doubt the plenty and deliciousness of the Venison & Turkey has contributed not a little to this. The unmarried have no private property, but lives on a common Stock. They don't baptize either young or old, they keep their Sabbath on Saturday, & hold that all made shall be happy thereafter, but first must past through punishment according to their sins. There are very hospitable.

March 18th. The Sabbath.

March 19th. We could not find our horses and spent the day looking for them. In the evening we found their track.

March 20th. We went very early to the track of our Horses & after following them six or seven miles, we found them all together. We returned to the Duncards about 10 o'clock, and having purchased half a bushell of meal and as much small Homony we sat off and Lodged on a small Run between Peak Creek and Reedy Creek.

on Reedy Creek and the Holston

March 21st. We got to Reedy Creek and camped near James McCalls'. I went to his House and Lodged and bought what Bacon I wanted.

March 22nd. I returned to my People early. We got to the large spring about five miles below Davises Bottom on Holstons River and Camped.

Stalnakers

March 23rd. We kept down Holstons River about four miles and camped; and then Mr. Powell and I went to look first Samuel Stalnaker, who I had been inform'd was just moved out to settle. We found his camp, and returned to our own in the Evening.

March 24th. We went to Stalnaker's, helped him to rais his house and camped about a quarter of a mile below him. In April 1748, I met the above mention'd Stalnaker between the Reedy Creek settlement and Holston's River, on his way to the Cherokee Indians, and expected him to pilate me as far as he knew but his affairs would not for permit him to go with me.

March 25th. The Sabbath. Grass is plenty in the low grounds.

N. Fork Holston

March 26th. We left the inhabitants, and kept nigh west to a large spring on a branch of the North Fork of Holston. Thunder, lightning, and Rain before day.

March 27th. It begin to snow in the morning and continued till noon. The land is very hilly from West to North. Some snow lies on the tops of the mountains N.W. from us.

March 28th. We traveled to the lower end of Giants Ditch on Reedy Creek.

March 29th. Our dogs are very uneasie most of this night.

Near Bristol

March 30th. We kept down Reedy Creek, and discover'd the tracks of about 20 Indians, that had gone up the Creek between the time we camped last night, and set off this Morning. We suppose they made our Dogs so restless last night. We camped on Reedy Creek.

March 30th. We caught two young buffaloes one of which we killed, and having cut and marked the other we turn'd him out.

Long Island of Holston

March 31st. We kept down Reedy Creek to Holston where we measured and elm 25 feet around 3 feet from the ground. We saw young Sheldrakes, we went down the River to the North Fork and up the Fork about a quarter of a mile to the Ford, and then crossed it. In the Fork between Holstons and the North River, are five Indian Houses built with logs and covered with Bark, and there were abundance of Bones, some whole pots and pans, some broken, and many pieces of mats and cloth. On the West side of the North River, is four Indian Houses such as before mentioned. We went four miles below the North River and Camped on the Bank of Holstons, opposite to a large Indian fort.

April

April ye 1st. The Sabbath. We saw Perch, Mullets, and Carp in plenty, a caught one of the large Sort of Cat Fish. I Marked my name, the day of the Month, and date of the year on Several Beech Trees.

Leaving the Holston

April 2nd. We left Holston & traveled through small Hills till about Noon. One of our Horses being choaked by eating Reeds to greedily, we stop having traveled 7 miles.

April 3rd. Our horse being recover'd, we traveled to the Rocky Ridge. I went up to the top, to look for a Pass, but found it so rocky that I concluded not to Attempt it there. This Ridge may been known by Sight at a distance. To the Eastward are many small mountains, and a Buffalo Road between them and the Ridge. The growth is pine on Top and the Rocks look white at a distance. We went seven miles this day.

April 4th. We kept under the Rocky Ridge crossing several small Branches to the Head of Holly Creek. We saw many small licks and plenty of Deer.

Holy Creek , Crossing at Big War Gap

April 5th. We went down Holly Creek. There is much Holly in the Low Grounds & some Laurel and Ivy. About 3 in the afternoon, the Ridge appeared less stony and we passed it, and Camped on a small Branch about a mile above the top. My Riding Horse choaked himself this Evening and I drenched him with water to wash down the Reeds, and it answered the End.

6th. It proving wet we did not move.

7th. We rode 8 miles over broken Land, It snowed most of the day. In the evening our dogs caught a large He Bear, which before we could come up to shoot him had wounded a dog of mine, so that he could not Travel and we carried him on Horseback, till he recovered.

April 8th. The Sabbath. Still Snow.

Crossing the Clinch

9th. We traveled to a river, which I suppose to be that which hunters call Clinches River from one Clinch a Hunter, who first found 'It. We marked several beeches on the East Side. We could not find a ford shallow enough to carry our Baggage over on our horses. Ambrose Powell forded over on one horse, and we drove the others after him. We then made a Raft and carried over one load of Baggage, but when the Raft was brought back, it was so heavy that it would not carry anything more dry.

April 10th. We waded and carried the remainder of our Baggage on our shoulders at two turns over the River, which is about one hundred and thirty yards wide, we went on about five miles and Camped on a small Branch.

Crossing at Mulberry Gap

April 1lth. Having traveled 5 miles to and over an High Mountain we came to Turkey Creek, which we kept down 4 miles. It lies between two Ridges of Mountains, that to the Eastward being the highest.

Beween Newman’s Ridge and Powell Mt

April 12th. We kept down the Creek 2 miles further, where it meets with a large branch coming from- the South West, and thence runs through the East Ridge making a very good pass; and a large Buffalo Road goes from that Fork to the Creek over the West Ridge, which we took and found the Ascent and Descent tollerably easie. From this mountain we rode four miles to Beargrass River. Small Cedar Trees are very plenty on the flat ground nigh the river, and some Barberry trees on the 15 East side of the river. On the banks is some Bear-Grass. We kept up the river two miles, I found some small pieces of coal and a great plenty of very good yellow flint. The water is the most transparent I ever saw. It is about 70 yards wide.

Cumberland Gap

April 13th. We went four miles to large Creek, which we called Cedar Creek, being a branch of Bear Grass, and from thence six miles to Cave Gap the land being levil. On the north side of the gap is a large Spring, which falls very fast, and just above the Spring is a small entrance to a large Cave, which the Spring runs through, and there is a constant Stream of cool air issuing out. The Spring is sufficient to turn a Mill. Just at the foot of the Hill is a Laurel Thicket, and the Spring Water runs through it. On the South side is a plain Indian Road. On the top of the Ridge are Laurel Trees marked with crosses, others blazed and several figures on them. As I went down on the other side, I soon came to some Laurel in the head of a Branch. A Beech stands on the left hand, on which I cut my name. This Gap may be seen at a considerable distance, and there is no other, that I know of, except one about two miles to the North of it, which does not appear to be so low as the other. The mountain on the North Side of the Gap is very Steep and Rocky, but on the South side it is not so. e called it Steep Ridge. At the foot of the hill on the North West side we came to a Branch, that made a great deal of flat Land. We kept down it 2 miles, several other branches coming in to make it a large Creek, and we called it Flat Creek. We camped on the Bank where we found very good Coal. I did not see any Lime Stone beyond this Ridge. We rode 13 miles this day.

April 14th. We kept down the Creek 5 miles Chiefly along the Indian Road.

15th. Easter Sunday. Being in bad grounds for our Horses we moved 7 miles along the Indian Road, to Clover Creek. Clover and Hop Vines are plenty here.

April 16th. Rain. I made a pair of Indian Shoes, those I bought being bad.

l7th. Still Rain. I went down the Creek a hunting and found that it went into a River about a mile below our Camp. This, which is Flat Creek and some others join'd, I called Cumberland River.

18th. Still Cloudy. We kept down the Creek to the River along the Indian Road to where it crosses. Indians have lived about this Ford some years ago. We kept down the South Side. After riding 5 miles from our Camp we left the River, it being very crooked. In rideing 3 miles we came on it again. It is about 60 or 70 yards wide. We rode 8 miles this day.

Near Artemus

19th. We left the River but in four miles we came on it again and the Mouth of Licking Creek, which we went up and down another. In the Fork of Licking Creek is a Lick much used by Buffaloes and many large Roads lead to it. This afternoon Ambrose Powell was bit by a bear in his knee. We rode 7 miles this day.

20th. We kept down the Creek 2 miles to the River again. It appears not any wider here than at the mouth of Clover Creek, but much deeper. I thought it proper to Cross the River and began a Bark Canoe.

April 21st. We finished the Canoe and tryed her. About noon it began to thunder, lighten, hail, and rain prodigiously and continued about two hours.

22nd. The Sabbath. One of the horses was found unable to walk this morning. I then propos'd that with 2 of the company I would proceed, and the other three should continue here till our return, which was agreed to, and Lots were drawn to determine who should go, they all being desirous of it. Ambrose Powell, and Colby Chew were the fortunate ones.

23rd. Having carried our Baggage over in the Bark Canoe, and swam our horses, we all crossed the River. Then Ambrose Powell, Colby Chew, and I departed, leaving the others to provide and salt some Bear, build an house, and plant some Peach Stones and Corn. We traveled about 12 miles and encamped on Crooked Creek. The mountains are very small hereabouts and here is a great deal of flat land. We got through the coal today.

April 24th. We kept on westerly 18 miles, got clear of the Mountains and found the Land poor and the woods very thick beyond them, and Laurel & Ivy in and near the Branches, Our Horses suffered very much here for want of food. This day we came on the fresh track of 7 or 8 Indians, but could not overtake them.

Cumberland River

25th. We kept on West 5 miles, the Land continuing much the same, the Laurel rather growing worse, and the food scarcer. I got up a tree on a Ridge and saw the growth of the Land much the same as tar as my sight could reach. I then concluded to return to the rest of my company. I kept on my track I mile then turned southerly and went to the Cumberland River at the mouth of Clover Creek. Rocky Creek runs within 40 yards of the River Bank then turns off, and runs up the river. The banks of the river and Creek are a sufficient fence all the way up. On the lower side of the mouth of the creek is an ash mark'd T. W., a Red Oak A. P., and a white hiccory C. C. besides several trees blazed several ways with 3 chops over each blaze. We went up the North side of the River 8 miles and camped on a Small Branch. A bear broke one of my dogs forelegs.

April 27th. We crossed Indian Creek and went down Meadow Creek to the River. There comes in another from the southward as big as this we are on. Below the mouth of this Creek, and above the mouth are the remains of several Indian Cabbins and amongst them a round Hill made by Art about 20 feet high and 60 feet over the top. We went up the river and camped on the bank.

28th. We kept up the River to our company whom we found all well, 'but the lame horse was as bad as we left him, and another had been bit on the nose by a snake. I rubbed the wounds with Bears Oil, and gave him a drench of the same and another of the decoction of Rattle Snake Root some time after. The people I left had built an house 8 x 12, cleared and broke up some ground, and planted corn and peach stones. They also had killed several bears and cured the meat. This day Colby Chew and his horse fell down the bank. I bled and gave him volatile drops & he soon recovered.

April 29th. The Sabbath. The bitten horse is better. Three quarters a mile below the house is a pond in the low ground of the river, a quarter of a mile in length and 200 yards wide much frequented by Fowl.

30th. I blazed a way from our house to the River. On the other side of the River is a large elm cut down and barked about 20 feet and another standing just by it with the Bark cut around at the root and about 15 feet above. About 200 yards below this is a white hiccory barked about 16 feet. The depth of the water here, the lowest I have seen it, is about 7 or 8 feet, the bottom of the river is sandy, ye banks very high and the current very slow. The bitten horse much mended, we set off and left the lame one. He is white branded on the near Buttock with a swivil stirrup Iron, and is old. We left the River and having crossed several hills and branches, camped in a valley north from the house.

May

Powell’s River

May 1st. Another Horse being bit, I applyed Bears Oil as before mentioned. We got to Powell's River in the afternoon and went down it along an Indian Road, much frequented, to the mouth of the Creek on the West side of the River, where we camped. The Indian Road goes up the Creek, and I think it is that which goes through Cave Gap.

2nd. We kept down the River. At the mouth of a Creek that comes in on the East side is a Lick, and I believe there was a hundred Buffaloes at it. At 2 o'clock we had a shower of rain. We camped on the river which is very crooked.

May 3rd. We crossed a narrow Neck of Land, came on the River again and kept down it to an Indian Camp, that had been built this Spring, and in it we took up our Quarters. It began to rain about Noon and continued until Night.

4th. We crossed a narrow Neck of Land and came on the River again, which we kept down till it turn'd to the Westward, we then left it, and went up a Creek, which we called Colby's Creek. The River is about 50 yards over where we left it.

Tomlinson’s River

5th. We got to Tomlinson's River, which is about the Size of Powell's River, and I cut my name on a Beech, that stands on the North Side of the River. Here is plenty of Coal in the South Bank opposite to our Camp.

6th. The Sabbath. I saw Goslings, which shows that wild Geese stay here all the year. Ambrose Powell had the misfortune to sprain his well knee.

7th. We went down Tomlinson' River the land being very broken and our way emabarrassed by trees, that had been blown down about 2 years ago.

8th. We went up the Creek on the North Side of the River.

Lawlesses River

9th. We got to Lawlesses River which is much like the others. The Mountains here are very Steep and on some of them is Laurel & Ivy. The tops of the mountains are very Rocky and some part of the Rocks seem to be composed of Shells, nuts, and many other substances petrified and cemented together with a kind of Flint. We left the River and after travelling some Miles we got among Trees that had been blown down about 2 years, and were obliged to go down a Creek to the River again, the Small Branches and mountains being impassable.

10th. We staid on the River, and dressed an Elk skin to make Indian Shoes-most of ours being quite worn out.

11th. We left the River, found the Mountains very bad, and got to a Rock by the side of a Creek sufficient to shelter 200 men from Rain. Finding it so convenient, we concluded to stay and put our Elk skin in order for shoes and make them.

May 12th. Under the Rock is a soft kind of Stone almost like Allum in taste, below it a layer of Coal about 12 inches thick and white clay under that. I called the Run Allum Creek. I have observed several mornings past, that the trees begin to drop just before day & continue dripping till almost Sun rise, as if it rained slowly. We had some rain this day.

13th. The Sabbath.

14th. When our Elks' skin was prepared we had lost every Awl that we brought out, and I made one with the Shank of an old Fishing hook, the other people made two of Horse Shoe Nailes, and with these we made our shoes or Moccosons. We wrote several of our Names with Coal under the Rock, & I wrote our names, the time of our comeing and leaving this place on paper and stuck it to the rock with Morter, and then set off. We crossed Hughes' Creek and Lay on a large Branch of it. There is no dew this morning but a shower of rain about 6 o'clock. The river is about 50 yards wide.

May 15th. Laurel and Ivy increase upon us as we go up the Branch. About noon it began to rain & we took up our Quarters in a valley between very steep hills.

May 16th. We crossed several Ridges and Branches. About two in the afternoon I was taken with a violent pain in my hip.

l7th. Laurel and Ivy are very plenty and the Hills still very steep. The woods have been burnt some years past, and are now very thick, the Timber being almost all kill'd. We camped on a Branch of Naked Creek. The pain in my hip is something asswaged.

18th. We went up Naked Creek to the head and had a plain Buffalo Road most of the way. From thence we proceeded down Wolf Creek and on it we camped.

Station Camp Creek

19th. We kept down ye Creek to Hunting Creek, which we crossed and left. It rained most of the afternoon.

May 20th. The Sabbath. It began to rain about noon and continued till the next day.

21st. It left off raining about 8. We crossed several Ridges and small Branches & camped on a Branch of Hunting Creek. In the evening it rained very hard.

22nd. We went down the Branch to Hunting Creek & kept it to Milley's River.

23rd. We attempted to go down the River but could not. We then crossed Hunting Creek and attempted to go up the River but could not. It being very deep we began a bark conoe. The river is about 90 or 100 yards wide. I blazed several trees in the fork and marked T. W. on a Sycamore Tree 40 feet around. It has a large hole on the N. W. side about 20 feet from the ground and is divided into 3 branches just by the hole, and it stands about 80 yards above the mouth of Hunting Creek.

24th. We finished the Conoe and crossed the River about noon, and I marked a Sycamore 30 feet round and several Beeches on the North side of the River opposite to the mouth of the Creek. Game is very scarce hereabouts.

May 25th. It began to rain before the day and continued till about noon. We traveled about 4 miles on a Ridge and Camped on a small branch.

26th. We kept down the Branch almost to the River, and up a Creek, and then along a Ridge till our Dogs roused a large Buck Elk, which he followed down to a Creek. He killed Ambrose Powell's dog in the Chase, and we named the Run Tumbler's Creek, the dog being of that name.

27th. The Sabbath.

28th. Cloudy, We could not get our horses till almost Night, when we went down the Branch. We lay on the main Creek, and turn' up it.

May 29th. We proceeded up the Creek 7 miles, and then took a North Branch & went up it 5 miles and then encamped on it.

30th. We went to the head of the Branch we lay on 12 miles. A shower of rain fell this clay. The woods are burnt fresh about here and are the only fresh burnt woods we have seen these six weeks.

31st. We crossed 2 mountains and camped just by a Wolf's Den. They were very impudent and after they had been twice shot at, then kept howling about the Camp. It rained till Noon this day.

June

June ye 1st. We found the Wolf's Den and caught 4 of the young ones. It rained this morning. We went up a Creek crossed a mountain and went through a gap, and then camped on the head of a Branch.

Licking River

2nd. We went down the Branch to a River 70 yards wide, which I called Frederick's. We kept up it a half mile to a Ford, where we crossed and proceeded up on the North Side 3 miles. It rained most of the afternoon. Elks are very plenty on this river.

June 3rd. Whit-Sunday. It rained most of the day.

4th. I blazed several trees four ways on the outside of the low Grounds by a Buffalo Road, and marked my name on several Beeches. Also, I marked some by the River side just below a mossing place with an island on it. We left the River about 10 o'clock got to Falling Creek, and went up it till 5 in the afternoon, when a very black cloud appearing, we turn'd out our horses, got tent poles up, and were just stretching a tent, when it began to rain and hail, and was succeeded by a violent wind which blew down our tent and a great many trees about it, several large ones within 30 yards of the tent. We all left the place in confusion and ran different ways for shelter. After the storm was over, we met at the tent, and found all safe.

5th. There was a violent shower of rain before day. This morning we went up the Creek about 3 miles, and then were obliged to leave it, the Timber being so blown down that we could not get through. After we left the Creek, we kept on a ridge 4 miles, then turned down to the head of a Branch, and it began to rain and continued raining very hard till night.

June 6th. We went down the Branch till it became a large Creek. It runs very swift, falling more than any of the Branches we have been on of late. I called it Rapid Creek. After we had gone 8 miles we could not ford, and we camped in the low Ground. There is a great sign of Indians on the Creek.

At the Louisa River

7th. The Creek being fordable, we crossed it & kept down 12 miles to a river about 100 yards over, which we called Louisa River. The Creek is about 30 yards wide, & part of ye river breakes into ye Creek-making an island on which we camped.

8th. The River is so deep we cannot ford it and as it is falling we conclude to stay and hunt. In the afternoon Mr. Powell & myself were hunting about a mile & a half from the Camp, and heard a gun just below us on the other side of the river, and as none of our People could cross, I was in hopes of getting some direction from the Person but could not find him.

June 9th. We crossed the River & went down it to the mouth of a Creek & up the Creek to the head and over a Ridge into a steep valley and camped.

Rough Going

10th. Trinity Sunday. Being in very bad ground for our Horses, we concluded to move. We were very much hindered by the Trees, that had blown down on Monday last. We camped on a small branch.

11th. It rained violently the latter part of the night & till 9 o'clock the branch is impassable at present. We lost a Tomohawk and a Cann by the flood.

12th. The water being low we went down the Branch to a large Creek & up the Creek. Many of the trees in the Branches are washed up by the roots and others barked by the old trees, that went down ye stream, the roots in the Bottom of the Run are Barked by the Stones.

June 13th. We are much hindered by the gust & a shower of Rain about noon. Game is very scarce here, and the mountains very bad, the tops of the ridges being so covered with Ivy and the sides so steep and stony, that we were obliged to cut our way through with our Tomohawks.

14th. The Woods are still bad and Game scarce. It rained today about noon and we camped on the top of a Ridge.

15-16th. We got on a large Creek where Turkey are plenty and some Elks. We went a hunting & killed 3 turkeys. Hunted & killed 3 bears and some turkeys.

l7th. The Sabbath. We killed a large Buck Elk.

18th. Having prepared a good stock of meat, we left the Creek crossing several Branches and Ridges. The woods still continuing bad the weather hot and our horses so far spent, that we are all obliged to walk.

Laurel Creek

June 19th. We got to Laurel Creek early this morning, and met so impudent a bull buffaloe that we were obliged to shoot him, or he would have been amongst us. We then went up the Creek six miles, thence up a North Branch of it to the Head, and attempted to cross a mountain, but it proved so high and difficult, that we were obliged to Camp on the side of it. This ridge is night the eastern edge of the Coal Land.

20th. We got to the top of the Mountain and Could discover a flat to the South and South East. We went down from the Ridge to a Branch and down the Branch to Laurel Creek not far from where we left it yesterday & camped. My riding Horse was bit by a snake this day, and having no Bear's Oil I rub'd the place with a piece of fat meat, which had the desired effect.

21st. We found the Level Nigh the Creek so full of Laurel that we were obliged to go up a Small Branch, and from the head of that to the Creek again, and found it good travelling a Small distance from the Creek. We camped on the Creek. Deer are very scarce on the Coal Land, I having seen but 4 since the 30th of April.

June 22nd. We kept up to the head of the Creek, the Land being leveller than we have lately seen, and here are some large Savanna's. Many of the Branches are full of Laurel and Ivy. Deer and Bears are plentiful.

23rd. Land continues level with Laurel and Ivy and we got to large Creek with very high & steep Banks full of Rocks, which I called Clifty Creek, the Rocks are 100 feet perpendicular in some Places.

24th. The Sabbath.

25th. We crossed Clifty Creek. Here is a little Coal and the Land still flat.

Dismal Creek

26th. We crossed a Creek that we called Dismal Creek, the Banks being the worst and Laurel the thickest I have seen. The land is mountainous on the East Side of the Dismal Creek, and the Laurels end in a few miles, We camped on a Branch.

June 27th. The land is very high & we crossed several Ridges and camped on a small Branch. It rained about Noon and continued till the next day.

New River

28th. It continued raining till Noon, and we set off as soon as it ceased and went down the Branch we lay on to the New River just below the mouth of Green Bryer. Powell, Tomlinson and myself striped, and went into the New River to try if we could wade over at any place. After some time having found a place we return'd to the others and took such things as would take damage by Water on our Shoulders, and waded over leading our Horses. The bottom is very uneven, the Rocks are slippery and the Current very strong most of the way. We camped in the Low Ground opposite to the mouth of Green Bryer.

Up the Greenbriar

29th. We kept up Green Bryer. It being a wet day we went only 2 miles and camped on the North Side.

June 30th. We went 7 miles up the River, which is very crooked.

July ye 1st. The Sabbath. Our sale being almost spent, we traveled 10 miles sometimes on the River, and at other times some distance from it.

2nd. We kept up the River the chief part of this day and we traveled about 10 miles.

3rd. We went up the River 10 miles today.

4th. We went up the River 10 miles through very bad woods.

5th. The way growing worse, we traveled 9 miles today only.

Inland

6th. We left the River. The low ground-, on it are of very little value but on the Branches are very good, and there is a great deal of it, and the high land is very good in many laces. We got on a large Creek called Anthony's Creek, which affords a great deal of very good land., and it is chiefly bought. We kept up the creek 4 miles and Camped. This creek took its name from an Indian called John Anthony, that frequently hunts in these Woods. There are some inhabitants on the Branches of Green Bryer, but we missed their plantations.

Jackson’s River

July 7th. We kept up the Creek, and about Noon 5 men overtook us and informed us we were only 8 miles from the inhabitants on a Branch of James River called Jacksons River. We exchanged some tallow for Meal and Parted. We camped on a Creek nigh the top of the Allegheny Ridge, which we named Ragged Creek.

Civilization

July 8th. Having shaved, shifted, & made new shoes we left our useless Raggs at ye camp & got to Walker Johnston's about noon. We moved over to Robert Armstrong's in the afternoon & staid there all night. The people here are very hospitable and would be better able to support travellers was it not for the great number of Indian Warriers, that frequently take what they want from them, much to their Prejudice.

July 9th. We went to the hot Springs and found Six Travellers there. The Spring Water is very clear and warmer than new Milk, and there is a spring of cold water within 20 feet of the warm one. I left one of my company this day.

Panther Gap

10th. Having a path we rode 20 miles & lodged at Captain Jemyson's below the Panther Gap. Two of my company went to a Smith and got their horses shod.

Augusta Court House

11th. Our way mending, we traveled 30 miles to Augusta Court House, where I found Mr. Andrew Johnston, the first of my acquaintances I had seen since the 26th day of March.

12th. Mr. Johnston lent me a fresh Horse and sent my horses to Mr. David Stewards who was so kind as to give them pasturage. About 8 o'clock I set off leaving all my company. it began to rain about 2 in the afternoon & I lodged at Captain David Lewis' about 34 miles from Augusta Court House.

Home Again

13th. I got home about Noon.

We killed in the journey 13 buffaloes, 8 Elks, 53 Bears, 20 Deers, 4 Wild Geese, about 150 Turkeys, besides small game. We might have killed three times as much meat, if we had wanted it.