Template:Wp-Metz-History

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Metz has a recorded history dating back over 2,000 years. Before the conquest of Gaul by Julius Caesar in 52 BC, it was the oppidum of the Celtic Mediomatrici tribe.^[1] Integrated into the Roman Empire, Metz became quickly one of the principal towns of Gaul with a population of 40,000,^[2] until the barbarian depredations and its transfer to the Franks about the end of the 5th century.^[1] Between the 6th and 8th centuries, the city was the residence of the Merovingian kings of Austrasia.^[3] After the Treaty of Verdun in 843, Metz became the capital of the Kingdom of Lotharingia and was ultimately integrated into the Holy Roman Empire, being granted semi-independent status.^[1] During the 12th century, Metz became a republic and the Republic of Metz stood until the 15th century.^[4]

With the signature of the Treaty of Chambord in 1552, Metz passed into the hands of the Kings of France.^[1] As the German Protestant Princes who traded Metz (alongside Toul and Verdun) for the promise of French military assistance, had no authority to cede territory of the Holy Roman Empire, the change of jurisdiction was not recognised by the Holy Roman Empire until the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. Under French rule, Metz was selected as capital of the Three Bishoprics and became a strategic fortified town.^[1] With creation of the departments by the Estates-General of 1789, Metz was chosen as capital of the Department of Moselle.^[1]

Although largely French-speaking, after the Franco-Prussian War and according to the Treaty of Frankfurt of 1871, the city became part of the German Empire, being part of the Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine and serving as capital of the Bezirk Lothringen.

Metz remained German until the end of the First World War, when it reverted to France. However, after the Battle of France during the Second World War, the city was annexed by Nazi Germany.^[1] In 1944, the attack on the city by the U.S. Third Army removed the city from German rule and Metz reverted one more time to France after World War II.

During the 1950s, Metz was chosen to be the capital of the newly created Lorraine region. With the creation of the European Community and the later European Union, the city has become central to the Greater Region and the SaarLorLux Euroregion.^[5]