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Salzburg (also known as Salzburgerland) is a state (Land) of the modern Republic of Austria. It is officially named Land Salzburg to distinguish it from its eponymous capital — the city of Salzburg. For centuries, it was an independent Prince-Bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire. [edit] History
Salt has played an important role in the region's development; Salzburg means "salt castle". [edit] Salzburg as an independent stateIndependence from Bavaria was secured in the late 14th century. The Archbishopric of Salzburg was an independent prince-bishopric and State of the Holy Roman Empire until German Mediatisation in 1803. [edit] Electorate of SalzburgThe territory was secularized and, as the Electorate of Salzburg, given as compensation to Ferdinand III, former Grand Duke of Tuscany, the brother of Emperor Francis II. [edit] The end of independenceFollowing the Austrian defeat at Austerlitz in 1805, Salzburg was annexed by Austria as compensation for the loss of Tyrol to the Kingdom of Bavaria, and Ferdinand was transferred to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg. [edit] Bavarian SalzburgAfter Austria's defeat in 1809, the province was handed over to Bavaria in 1810. [edit] The country divided between Bavaria and AustriaIn 1816, following the defeat of Napoleon and the provision of adequate compensation to Bavaria at the Congress of Vienna, it was returned to Austria with the exception of the north-western Rupertiwinkel which remained Bavarian. The Salzburger Land was administered as the department of Salzach from Linz, the capital of Upper Austria. In 1849 the Duchy of Salzburg was established as a crown land of the Austrian Empire and, after 1866, Austria-Hungary. [edit] World War ISalzburg participated in World War I, as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. 49,000 Salzburgers were called to arms, of whom 6,000 were killed. [edit] Post-World War I Austrian RepublicsIn 1918 after World War I, the Duchy of Salzburg was dissolved and replaced with the State of Salzburg, as a component part initially of German Austria and subsequently of the First Republic of Austria, the separate state which was mandated by the Allied powers. [edit] Salzburg in GermanyIn the Anschluss, Austria, including Salzburg state, was incorporated into Nazi Germany in 1938. [edit] American controlAfter the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, the Allies occupied the territory of Austria, being recognized as an independent territory under their rule. Salzburg was occupied by the United States. [edit] Salzburg as an Austrian StateIn 1955 Austria was again declared independent of the Allies and Salzburg was once again one of the reconstituted federal states of the second Republic Austria. [edit] Research Tips
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