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John Askew, Esq.
b.23 Jul 1732
d.28 Oct 1794
Facts and Events
| Name[1][2] |
John Askew, Esq. |
| Gender |
Male |
| Birth[1][2] |
23 Jul 1732 |
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| Christening[3] |
21 Aug 1732 |
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| Death? |
28 Oct 1794 |
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- —John Askew, Esquire, (1732-1794), Merchant of Leghorn ('Livorno'), Italy;* & of Pallinsburn in Northumberland — was the sixth son of Adam Askew, Esquire, Doctor of Physick, of Westgate in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Northumberland—S1, S2, S3, S4, S5
- * "LIVORNO, called by corruption Leghorn by the English, and Livourne by the French, is a seaport town on the west coast of Italy, in the grand-duchy of Tuscany. ...." S4,
- * "... The Medici also skillfully promoted Livorno as a free port (porto franco), a place where the transit trade was not taxed and foreign merchants settled in the city paid less duties than elsewhere. ... Not surprisingly, northern merchants were also invited to settle in Livorno, and the new port became the favourite of the English, under the slightly bizarre name of ‘Leghorn’...." S5
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 College of Arms ms 5.D.14, 108: 'The Pedigree of Adam Askew, Esquire, of Newcastle upon Tyne'
1760.
« John Askew of Leghorn Merch't. born July 23 1732 living anno 1760. »
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 College of Arms: 'Bigland Miscellaneous Pedigrees volume XVI, 82'
1760.
« John Askew of Leghorn Mercht. born July the 23d. 1732 »
- ↑ FamilySearch.org - England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975.
« Name: John Askew / Gender: Male / Christening Date: 21 Aug 1732 / Christening Place: SAINT JOHN, NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE, NORTHUMBERLAND, ENGLAND / Father's Name: Askew / Indexing Project (Batch) Number: P00418-1 / System Origin: England-ODM / GS Film number: 0095014, 0095015 »
Source: England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975, index, FamilySearch.
Accessed on 4 Oct. 2013 at: familysearch
- The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Volume XIII. Intestines—Limoges. London: Charles Knight and co., 22, Ludgate Street. MDCCCXXXIX (1839)
p. 67.
« LIVORNO, called by corruption Leghorn by the English, and Livourne by the French, is a seaport town on the west coast of Italy, in the grand-duchy of Tuscany. It stands at the southern extremity of a low and partly marshy plain, which extends from the left bank of the Arno to the hills of Montenero, which are a projection of the ridge which runs by Volterra, and divides the basin of the Arno from that of the Ombrone or Maremma of Siena. The hills of Montenero end abruptly on the sea about three miles south of Livorno: they are naturally stony and barren, but the slope towards Livorno is covered with countryhouses and gardens, which are the resort of the merchants and their families during the summer, and have a fine seaview, which embraces the coast and the Apennines to the north towards the Gulf of La Spezia, the islands of Gorgona, Capraia, and Elba, and the mountains of Capo Gorso, or the northern extremity of the island of Corsica. Livorno is 14 miles south by west of Pisa, and 45 west by south of Florence, in 43° 33' N. lat. and 10" 19' E. long.
The town is neatly and regularly built; the streets are wide and mostly straight, and there is a fine square in the middle of the town. The western district, called la Nova Venezia, is intersected with canals, by which the goods are carried in boats from the shipping in the harbour and landed before the warehouses of the merchants. Many of the private houses are handsome, uniting Italian outward architecture with interior comfort. The shops are well supplied with goods, and fitted up in good taste. Of all the towns in the Mediterranean perhaps Livorno most resembles an English town; the inhabitants are, by long intercourse, familiar with the English, and well disposed towards them, and the English language is spoken, or at least understood, by many of the natives. The people are active, steady, and peaceably inclined. A greater tolerance exists here than in any other part of Italy: the English and Lutherans have chapels and burying-grounds, the Greeks a church, and the Jews a very handsome synagogue. The English burying-ground, situated on the ramparts, is adorned with numerous marble monuments—among others that of Smollett, who died here. .... »
Accessed on 6 Oct. 2013 at: books.google.co.uk
- The Mediterranean in History, edited by David Abulafia. Thames & Hudson Ltd., London, 2003
pp. 239-240.
Livorno and Smyrna
« The seventeenth century saw the growth of two great trading emporia that were able to capitalize on the chaotic and violent conditions of the time. Livorno and Smyrna (today’s Izmir) symbolized their age, just as surely as Genoa and Venice had earlier stood for the rise of the Italian maritime republics. The port of Livorno (Leghorn), which grew from a settlement of roughly 500 to a commercial centre of over 12,000 people by the middle of the seventeenth century, was the creation of the Medici of Florence. … The key to its success lay in not excluding foreigners, but rather in attracting them to one’s port rather than the port of one’s neighbor. This was difficult for older cities with well-established hierarchies, such as Venice, which offered no special privileges to foreigners in order to protect its own merchants.
Livorno, as a new settlement, was free of such obstacles. The Medici passed a series of privileges, known as the Livornine, in 1591 and 1593. These laws invited foreign merchants to come and settle in Livorno and offered them such things as freedom of trade, tax exemptions, good housing, storage facilities and a relative freedom of religion. ... While multinational port cities were commonplace in the Ottoman Empire, they were still remarkable enough in Christian Europe for Livorno to become known as ‘the ideal city and the fatherland of everyone’ (la città ideale e la patria di tutti). The Medici also skillfully promoted Livorno as a free port (porto franco), a place where the transit trade was not taxed and foreign merchants settled in the city paid less duties than elsewhere. … Not surprisingly, northern merchants were also invited to settle in Livorno, and the new port became the favourite of the English, under the slightly bizarre name of ‘Leghorn’. .... »
Accessed on 6 Oct. 2013 at: books.google.co.uk
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