"New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island), 1892-1924," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:JN24-32Q : accessed 31 October 2015), Jan Schaper, 04 Aug 1923; citing departure port Boulogne-Sur-Mer, arrival port New York, ship name Nieuw Amsterdam, NARA microfilm publication T715 and M237 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).