Person:George Clifford (16)

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George Clifford
b.7 Jan 1685 Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands
d.10 Apr 1760 Heemstede, Noord-Holland, Netherlands
Parents and Siblings
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m. 21 Jul 1682
  1. George Clifford1685 - 1760
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m. 27 Apr 1707
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Facts and Events
Name George Clifford
Unknown George Clifford III
Gender Male
Birth? 7 Jan 1685 Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands
Marriage 27 Apr 1707 Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlandsto Johanna Bouwens
Death? 10 Apr 1760 Heemstede, Noord-Holland, Netherlands
Reference Number Q556591 (Wikidata)


the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia

George Clifford III (7 January 1685, Amsterdam – 10 April 1760, Heemstede) was a wealthy Dutch banker and one of the directors of the Dutch East India Company. He is known for his keen interest in plants and gardens.

His summer estate Hartekamp, south of Haarlem in Heemstede near Bennebroek, had a rich variety of plants and he engaged the Swedish naturalist Carl von Linné ("Carl Linnaeus"), who stayed at his estate from 1736 to 1738, to write Hortus Cliffortianus (1737), a masterpiece of early botanical literature published in 1738, and for which Georg Dionysius Ehret did the illustrations.

His grandfather, Englishman George Clifford I, moved from Stow (where his father was rector) to Amsterdam around 1640, beginning an Anglo-Dutch trading and banking dynasty. Subsequent members of the Clifford Family were prominent leaders in Amsterdam.

The garden at Hartekamp was already quite famous before George Clifford bought the estate in 1709 from Johan Hinlopen. Under his ownership, the number of unusual plants grew exponentially. He had 4 hothouses built to house the many tropical plants that he collected through his business connections from all over the world. He was an important friend and seed supplier for botanist Herman Boerhaave, whose summer home (and garden) at Oud Poelgeest was just a short trip away by trekschuit along the Haarlem-Leiden canal known as the Leidsevaart.

In 1736 Clifford became famous for growing the first indoor banana tree, and for this reason Linnaeus was eager to work with him. Many specimens from Clifford's garden were also studied by Linnaeus for his Species Plantarum (1753).

Clifford died in 1760 and left the business to his sons George IV (1708-1757), Jan (1710-1772), Henry (1711-1787) and the estate to Pieter (1712-1788). The banking house of Clifford under George Clifford Jr. fell in 1772 and the estate Hartekamp went out of the family in 1788. Since then the garden has declined and is currently used as a school campus.

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