Person:Cadwallader Jones (4)

Rappahannock County: Warwick Cammock; Alexander Doniphann; Henry Torndey; Ellen Awley; Thomas Gouldman; Cadwallader Jones of Sittingbourne parish; John Bowsie of the same.

Historical Register of Officers of the Continental Army by Francis B. Heitman, 1967. p.323. Another Cadwallader Jones is listed: Jones, Cadwallader (Va.) Captain 3rd Continental Dragoon's 6th of February, 1777 to 9th of November, 1782. Aide-de-Camp to General Lafayette 1778-1781. (died 1796) can't be the right one.

The Militia of Stafford County 1680 gives: (Crozier's County Records; Vol. 2, p. 105.) "Col. George Mason, Lieut. Col. Cadwallader Jones, Major Andrew Gilson, Capt. Robert Massey."

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James Edward Harrison (hereinafter termed JEH), in A Comment on the Family of Andrew Harrison Who Died in Essex County, Virginia, in 1718, and S. Worth Ray, in Tennessee Cousins, wrote about the same family, but came to widely disparate conclusions. James Edward Harrison postulates that the Andrew in question was the son of Andrew and Margaret (Barber) Harrison of St. Giles, Cripplegate, London. Andrew (Jr.), born December 30, 1648, inherited from his father and his uncle, John Harrison, in 1669. He married Elizabeth Palmer on April 23, 1669, and their son, John, was baptized on April 2, 1671. The younger Andrew quit-claimed land and real estate holdings that he had inherited to his mother, and received f6O, sterling. On October 3, 1671, Andrew gave a power-of-attorney to a John Hinde to settle Andrew's interest in land that his mother and father had purchased in 1664; Hinde conveyed title to the land over to Margaret Harrison on May 17, 1672. James Edward Harrison was able to find no English record relating to Andrew Harrison after the power-of-attorney of October, 1671. This search included extant tax records, burial records, and court records. Andrew's mother did not mention him in her will, proved March 8, 1676/7. James Edward Harrison further postulates that Andrew came to the Rappahannock Valley of Virginia, but does not touch upon what happened to Elizabeth (Palmer) Harrison or their son John other than to suggest that they must have died and Andrew remarried. An Andrew Harrison's will, made April 28, 1718, was proved in Essex County, VA, on November 18, 1718 by one witness, proved again on December 16, 1718 by two other witnesses, and finally on March 17 by Andrew's widow, Eleanor. As to how Andrew got to Virginia, the Virginia Assembly had granted Lawrence Smith and Robert Taliaferro a patent for about 220 square miles along the Rappahannock River, with the grant centered about a fort that Smith had build there in 1672 or 1673. The fort had fallen into ruins, and the Assembly was concerned about the continuing hostilities with the Indians - a situation that triggered off Bacon's Revolution in 1676. Smith and Taliaferro's grant was contingent upon the fort being repaired, and being staffed with 50 soldiers and 200 other men in the immediate neighborhood. The men were raised, and in 1676, the Assembly ordered that quarters been built for the soldiers, a 2Ox6O foot storeroom and an ammunition storage hut be build. Cadwallader Jones succeeded Smith as commander about this time. In April, 1684, the Rappahannock Court recognized a headright claim by Jones for the transportation of 24 men from England. Included in the list were Andrew Harrison and John Battaile. While this 1684 claim is the first record of either man in Virginia, it should be noted that both were freemen, with no headright restrictions or limitations. A lawsuit some years later revealed that Andrew Harrison had leased land in Virginia in 1683, and other records show that he served as a juryman shortly after this claim on him as a headright. Similarly, Lawrence Battaile was commissioned Under-Sheriff of the south side of the river in May, 1684. It should be noted that the order books for Rappahannock County before 1684 are lost, and all 17th century records for Glouster County were destroyed by fire. It is safe to assume that both men had been in Virginia for some time before 1684. Lawrence Battaile married Catherine, daughter of Robert Taliaferro and (following her father's death) ward of Cadwallader Jones. Following Catherine's death, Battaile married Elizabeth, daughter of Lawrence Smith.

S. Worth Ray, in Tennessee Cousins, has postulated a completely different set of ancestors for Andrew Harrison of Essex County, VA, who died in 1718. Aside from Ray's attempt to (1) identify the parentage of Benjamin "Clerk of Council" Harrison of Surry Co. (the ancestor of Benjamin "the Signer" and the Presidents Harrison) and make a case for Anthony Harrison as a first cousin of this Benjamin, he has developed a case seemingly as convincing as that of JEH, with one major point. That is the headright claim by Cadwallader Jones on John Battaile and Andrew Harrison. Ray postulates that Anthony Harrison, born at Over, Cambridgeshire, came to Virginia in 1653; he died in New Kent County, VA, sometime after 1680. Ray maintains that four sons either accompanied Anthony or followed shortly thereafter - George, Andrew, Richard the father of Andrew of Essex County, and James. An abbreviated lineage of these is shown in Chart 1- Note that Ray's Andrew' is remarkably similar to JEH's "Other Andrew" - Chart 2. Both the "Other Andrew" and JEH's Andrew has a son named Andrew and a son named William. Both lived in old Rappahannock County, one on the south side of the river, the other on the north. Also in parallel - but one generation apart - are the James Harrison that Ray held to be a son of Anthony and uncle of Andrew of Essex County. JEH describes a James Harrison who married Elizabeth, widow of George Mott about 1674. JEH also mentions a Thomas Harrison, about whom nothing has been learned, who in 1674 witnessed the signatures of John Mott (George's brother?) and Elizabeth, relict of George Mott. This James Harrison became a civil officer for Rappahannock County in 1680. When the county was extinguished in 1792 (the part south of the river became Essex County and that lying north of the river became Richmond County), he became a Justice for Richmond County. James' daughter, Jael, married William Williams by 1702. In 1710, James Harrison and William Williams witnessed the signature of Andrew Harrison in his conveyance of land to his son, Andrew. In 1708, James Harrison and Andrew Harrison witnessed the will of John Battaile. James Harrison and William Williams died about the same time -possibly simultaneously since Jael (Harrison) Williams was granted letters of administration for the estates of both men on the same day in 1712 (Elizabeth (Mott) Harrison apparently having predeceased her husband). Jael (Harrison) Williams subsequently married Richard Johnston of Caroline County. JEH maintains that Andrew and James Harrison had no apparent contact other than the witnessing, and were not brothers, but rather, at most, distant cousins. To reiterate, Ray maintains that Anthony Harrison of Over, Cambridgeshire, came to Virginia about 1650, with four sons, Richard, George, Andrew, and James. Richard (supposed father of Andrew of Essex County) patented lands on July 6, 1664. JEH maintains that Andrew came to the Rappahannock Valley as a headright for Taliaferro and Smith, in company with Lawrence Battaile. Ray and JEH are in general agreement about the offspring of Andrew Harrison of Essex County - William Harrison of Caroline County, who married Hannah Christopher; Elizabeth Harrison who married Thomas Munday; Margaret Harrison who married Gabriel Long, and Andrew Harrison who married Elizabeth Battaile, daughter of Lawrence Battaile. This also is in agreement with Robert Torrence's Torrence and Allied Families. Things become increasingly confused from this point on.

Chaper II

The connection between Andrew1 Harrison and John Battaile as headrights to Cadwallader Jones has been established. Joseph Battaile, Under-Sheriff for the south side of the Rappahannock, had married first Catherine Taliaferro, who had been a ward of Cadwallader Jones following her father's death. Following her death, Battaile married Elizabeth Smith, daughter of Lawrence Smith. After John Battaile died, his daughter Elizabeth became the ward of Andrew1 Harrison in 1708; two years later, she married Andrew2 Harrison. At that time, Andrew1 conveyed to Andrew2 a deed for 130 acres that constituted Andrew1s "home place," retaining a life right for himself and his wife. Andrew1 served as constable for Essex County for a number of years, beginning in 1699. For the next four generations, at least one of his line served as constable.

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Early History The First Explorers By Robert C. Storey The 150-mile-long Shenandoah Valley was carved out of the folded rock of the Blue Ridge and Allengany mountain ranges by the gradual, but relentless, flow of the Shenandoah River. Though the Valley was not scraped out directly by prehistoric glaciers, their activity and cooling influence helped fuel the great cutting tool-the Shenandoah River. As the glaciers warmed and released massive amounts of water quickly (quickly in geologic terms), the river cut deeply into the softer areas of rock. When glaciers advanced during colder periods the Shenandoah slowed and flatted. This caused the terraced effect seen in mountains framing the Shenandoah Valley today.

Indian tribes inhabited the Valley many years before the first European explorers glimpsed the vast beauty of the Valley. One of the first Native American tribe to call the Shenandoah Valley home was said to be the Senedo Indians. The first settlers reported an elderly Native American man who claimed to be one of the last two survivors of a massacre (which may have happened sometime between 1650 and 1700) of the Senedo people by southern tribes (most probably the Catawbas from the South Carolina area.) Some historians believe that the Senedos may have somehow been caught up in the ongoing wars between the Catawbas and the Delaware tribes ( both Catawbas and Delaware frequented the Valley as a hunting ground). Early explorers found settlements of Shawnee, Iroquois, Occoneechee, Monocans and Piscataways. Besides, hunting and fishing, the Native Americans of the Valley farmed corn (maize) and tended partially domesticated herds of Buffalo. [also see Shenandoah...What's in a Name]

John Lederer, originally a doctor from Germany, was the first European explorer to officially discover the Shenandoah Valley and record detailed log of his findings (though a Jesuit priest was said to have done mission work here as early as 1632). Lederer made three excursions into the Valley between 1669 and 1670. From time to time in his journeys, Lederer visited some of the small Indian villages that dotted the Valley. He was usually treated as an honored guest. On his last visit, Lederer was accompanied by an English colonel by the name of Catlet. Catlet fell in love with the South Fork of the Shenandoah River and remained behind to hunt and trap. Lederer logs about the Shenandoah Valley and a few crude maps he drew, which were written in Latin, were later translated to English and published in London in 1673.

Lederer was quickly followed by two other European adventurers, Cadwallader Jones, another English colonel (1673), and Louis Michelle (or Michel) a Swiss explorer (1705). Like Catlet, Jones stayed on as a fur trapper traveling up and down the Shenandoah Valley writing about everything he encountered.

In May of 1716 Alexander Spotswood, royal governor of the Virginia colony, mounted an expedition to claim the recently discovered Shenandoah Valley as a prize for his king. Nearing the Valley, his large party was suddenly struck with German measles forcing many of them to turn back. Undaunted, Spotswood pressed on over the Blue Ridge mountains at Swift Run Gap and down to the banks of the Shenandoah River. There, he buried a bottle with a note declaring that all the territories west of the mountains up to the "river of the Spaniards"[Mississippi River] were now in the domain of King George I of England-a claim that had legal merit for many years afterwards. Spotswood's last act before returning to Williamsburg Va. Was to christened the river "the Eurphates," a name that never stuck.

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"Caught up by an adventuresome spirit young Thomas Owsley apparently never completed his colIege education, for, by September 1677, he had arrived in the Colony of Virginia. During the next three years he seems to have engaged in an enterprise that necessitated travel between England and the Colonies, It was during one such journey, in 1679, that he was taken prisoner by Algerian pirates and was ransomed by the villagers of Glooston, the parish in Leicestershire, England where his father was them serving as rector. By 1680 he had settled in Stafford County in which year, at the age of only 22 years, he held the position of Clerk of the County Court. From the earliest days this important position was always held by a man of education and Thomas Owsley was well suited for the post. His clerical duties appear, however, to have been of short duration, for he was soon again engaged in a more profitable business, as agent for one Colonel Cadwallader Jones, to traffic in a variety of commodities, excepting munitions, with the Nantecoke Indians. His business dealings were surely lucrative,resulting in an accumulation of wealth and prestige, sufficient to establish himself as host for the Stafford County Court in his home on 12 November l690. During the ensuing years his status in the colony grew. He was given a commission in the Stafford County Militia and was appointed a Justice of the Peace. During this period militia officers generally held concurrent judicial positions within their respective counties and Thomas Owsley had his hands full ensuring both the safety of the region and his part in the administration of justice. On several occasions he forwarded letters to the governor's council and in one instance was the lone dissenting justice in a case heard before the county court. On 8 June 1692 Captain Thomas Owsley was given command of a detachment of ten men who were then added to the Potomac Rangers. Commissioned by the Virginia legislature, this group was to range the frontier from above the Occoquan to the head of this river as protection against hostile Indians. That same date he was sworn in for another one year term as Justice of the Peace.

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