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Shoreham by Sea (often shortened to Shoreham) is a seaside town and port in West Sussex, England where it is in the Adur District. The present town is bordered to its north by the South Downs, to its west by the valley of the wikipedia:River Adur and to its south by the River Adur and Shoreham Beach on the English Channel. The town lies in the middle of the ribbon of urban development along the English south coast, approximately equidistant from the City of Brighton and Hove to the east and the town of Worthing to the west. Shoreham covers an area of 980 hectares (2,430 acres or 3.80 sq mi) and had a population of 20,547 in the UK census of 2011. Shoreham by Sea was known as the parish of New Shoreham until 1910. The parish and port of New Shoreham was established by the Norman conquerors towards the end of the 11th century and consisted of the area immediately to the east of the mouth of the Adur. Old Shoreham was located to the north and was more rural. When New Shoreham became Shoreham by Sea it also became and urban district and, in doing so, absorbed 782 acres of Kingston by Sea to the east, 240 acres of Lancing parish that formed the shingle bank between Shoreham and the sea, and 539 acres from Old Shoreham. (Source: "Shoreham" from British History Online. A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 6, Part 1, Bramber Rape: Southern Part which includes a very useful map of the area circa 1910. The two large old churches of Shoreham by Sea are St. Nicolas' Church, inland by the River Adur, which is partly Anglo-Saxon, and St. Mary de Haura Church (St Mary of the Haven) which is Norman, built in the decade following 1103. The rapid growth of the neighbouring towns of Brighton, Hove and Worthing – and in particular the arrival of the railway in 1840 – prepared the way for Shoreham's rise as a Victorian sea port, with several shipyards and an active coasting trade. Shoreham Harbour remains in commercial operation to this day. [edit] Shoreham BeachShoreham Beach, to the south of the town, is a shingle spit deposited over millennia by longshore drift, as an extension to Lancing parish in the west. This blocks the southerly flow of the River Adur which turns east at this point to discharge into the English Channel further along the coast at a point that has varied considerably over time. During the 17th and 18th centuries, the mouth of the river shifted eastwards which restricted trade to the port; by 1810 it was almost opposite Aldrington church. In 1816, work had been completed to fix the position of the river in its present position, flowing into the sea between two piers. Once the harbour mouth was stabilised it was defended by Shoreham Fort which was built in 1857. Converted railway carriages became summer homes around the start of the 20th century, and 'Bungalow Town', as it was then known, became home to the early British film industry. The seaside shingle bank of Shoreham beach extends further east past the harbour mouth, forming the southern boundary of the commercial harbour in Southwick, Portslade and Hove. [edit] Research Tips
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