Person:Henry III of England (1)

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Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272) was the son and successor of John (Jean sans Terres) as King of England, reigning for 56 years from 1216 until his death. His contemporaries knew him as Henry of Winchester. He was the first child king in England since the reign of Æthelred the Unready. England prospered during his reign and his greatest monument is Westminster, which he made the seat of his government and where he expanded the abbey as a shrine to Edward the Confessor. He is the first of only five monarchs to reign in the Kingdom of England or its successor states for 50 years or more, the others being Edward III (1327–1377), George III (1760–1820), Victoria (1837–1901) and Elizabeth II (1952–present).

He assumed the crown under the regency of the popular William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, but the England he inherited had undergone several drastic changes in the reign of his father. He spent much of his reign fighting the barons over Magna Carta and the royal rights, and was imprisoned by rebel leader Simon de Montfort, leader of the baronial cause. Under de Montfort's leadership, and against Henry's will, England's first Parliament was called. His son Edward, aided by ally Roger Mortimer would eventually defeat de Montfort and reassert royal power. Henry was also unsuccessful on the Continent, where he endeavoured to re-establish English control over Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine.

Titles

• 1216-1272, 4th Plantagenet King of England
• 1216-1254, 2nd Plantagenet Duke of Aquitaine

RESEARCH NOTE

1. The claim that the above couple had a dau. Mary cannot be accepted (See Eng. 120). Possibly this has been misconstrued with the Mary, possible dau. of Edmund "Crouchback", and therefore granddaughter of Henry III. On the supposition that Mary was the dau. of Henry III, she was erroneously sealed to the above couple on 18 May 1933. Ordinance work for a supposed son Robert was also erroneously done, and he was sealed to this couple on 14 Mar 1938; however, there is no positive evidence that Henry III had a son Robert.

1.   Dict. of Nat'l Biog., Eng. Pub. A, v. 6, p. 597, v. 17, p. 179, 180, v. 26, p. 12-31.
2.   Royal Dau of Eng., Eng. 120, v. 1, p. 60, 120-29.
3.   Scots Peerage, Scot 2b, v. 1, p. 6.
4.   Tab. Souv. Gen., France 22, Tab. 31, 46, 51.
5.   Burke's Peerage, Eng. P, 1949, pref. p. 253-54.
6.   Plantagenet Ancestry, Eng. 116.
7.   Espolin (GS.
8.   Mike Ashley, (i)British Kings & Queens: A Complete Biographical Encyclopedia of the Kings & Queens of Great Britain(/i) (New York, NY: Barnes.
9. ↑ David Williamson, (i)The National Portrait Gallery History of The Kings & Queens of England(/i) (Old Saybrook, CT: Konecky & Konecky, 2000( qu, pg 37, Primary quality.
10.   Henry III of England, in Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. (Online: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.).
11.   Henry III, King of England, in Lundy, Darryl. The Peerage: A genealogical survey of the peerage of Britain as well as the royal families of Europe.
12.   King Henry, III, in Find A Grave.
13. ↑ Nichols, John. A collection of all the wills, now known to be extant, of the kings and queens of England, princes and princessess of Wales, and every branch of the blood royal: from the reign of William the Conqueror to that of Henry the Seventh, exclusive, with explanatory notes and a glossary. (London: J. Nichols, 1780), pages 15 to 17.

    The will may be read here (in Latin).