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Almaty is the largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of about 2 million.[1] It was the capital of Kazakhstan from 1929 to 1936 as a autonomous republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic as part of the Soviet Union, then from 1936 to 1991 as a union republic and finally from 1991 as an independent state to 1997 when the government relocated the capital to Akmola (renamed Astana in 1998, and Nur-Sultan in 2019). Almaty is still the major commercial and cultural centre of Kazakhstan, as well as its most populous and most cosmopolitan city.[2] The city is located in the mountainous area of southern Kazakhstan near the border with Kyrgyzstan in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau at an elevation of 700–900 m (2,300–3,000 feet), where the Large and Small Almatinka rivers run into the plain. The city, just like Nur-Sultan and Shymkent, doesn't belong to any region and is officially a "city of state importance". The city has been part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in the area of music since November 2017. The city was the host for a 1978 international conference on Primary Health Care where the Almaty Declaration was adopted, marking a paradigm shift in global public health. [edit] Research Tips
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