Place:Aigion, Achaea, West Greece, Greece

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Aigio, also written as Aeghion, Aegion, Aegio, Egio, is a town and a former municipality in Achaea, West Greece, on the Peloponnese. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality Aigialeia, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit.

Aigio is the second largest city in Achaea after Patras. The municipal unit has an area of 151.101 km². It has a population of around 26,000 while the municipality has about 49,000 inhabitants. Aigio is a port town on the Gulf of Corinth, and takes its name from the ancient city of Aegium.

Historical population

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History

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Antiquity

Before the founding of the city, the area had a Neolithic settlement. The city of Aigion was founded during Homeric times and became part of the first Achaean League since around 800 BC. The city had several Olympic winners, including Xenophon, Ladas (stadion race), Athenodorus (Αθηνόδωρος, stadion race), Straton (Στράτων, pancration and wrestling).

After the disaster of Helike, which was destroyed by an earthquake and buried by a tsunami in 373 BC, Aigion took the territory of the neighbouring city. The ruins of Helike were discovered in 2000 off the coast in the Corinthian Gulf. They are sometimes associated with Plato's Atlantis myth. Archeologists are excavating the site.

From 330 BC, Aigion was for fifty years under the Kingdom of Macedon. Around the year 275 BC, the people expelled the Macedonian garrison and the city joined the new Achaean League. With the famous temple of Zeus Homarios, Aigion became the Achaean assembly place. It remained their capital until the Roman conquest in 146 BC. After the annexation of Achaia, the Romans removed the wall of the city and Aegium lost its importance.

Byzantine era

After the division of the Roman Empire in 395 AD, Aegium became a part of the Eastern Roman Empire and later the Byzantine Empire. In 805 it was captured by Slavic tribes during the Slavic invasions. Probably between 9th and 13th century it was renamed to Vostitsa (Βοστίτσα). In the Chronicle of the Morea (14th century), it is first mentioned with this new name. During the following centuries, the name is found in various documents having different spelling forms such as Bostizza, Ligustizza, Bostitza, Bostiza, Vostizza.

Some scholars interpret the name as having a Slavic origin. The German linguist and Slavicist Max Vasmer gives two possible interpretations, one from the word Voščica (Voštane, slaven. Vošče) and one from the word ovoštь, meaning "fructus" or "garden". Dionysios Zakythinos, a Greek scholar of Byzantium, gives a similar interpretation, explaining the name as meaning "fruit-bearing place".

Christos Coryllos, in his detailed "Description of Greece", had given another interpretation. He writes that after the plague epidemic, numerous Avar or Slav shepherds migrated to this area. One of their leaders had the name "Vostitzas", from whom the town later took its name.

19th-century German writer Joseph Baron Ow, in his book Die Abstammung der Griechen und die Irrthümer und Täuschungen des Dr. Ph. Fallmerayer, written in 1846, gives a completely different interpretation. He writes that the name Bostiza is a diminutive form (typical in Greek language) of the word Bosta, which comes from the French word Bastion (middle French Bastillon). From Βosta was derived the word Bostan/Bostani, which is common in the Greek and Turkish languages, and means garden (other linguists believe that Bosta is of Persian origin).

Frankish and Ottoman era

The city was captured by the Crusaders in the early 13th century and became the seat of a barony of the Principality of Achaea. In the early 15th century, it was conquered by the Despotate of the Morea.

In 1459 it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, which ruled it until the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence, except for brief interruptions by the Venetians from 1463 until 1470, and from 1685 until 1715. The city was captured by Greek rebels on 26 March 1821, and was one of the first towns to be liberated from Ottoman rule.

In July 1822, at Akrata, near the town, a force of Greek fighters under Londos, Zaimis and Petimezas surrounded and attacked a group of 4000 Turks marching to Patras, after their defeat at the Battle of Dervenakia. Only a few Turks were lucky to escape when Yusuf Pasha sent ships to take them to Patras.

After Greek Independence, the town was officially renamed to its ancient name.

Modern era

On June 15, 1995, a serious earthquake destroyed many buildings and damaged roads in the downtown and southwestern sections, with a number of casualties. The earthquake shattered Aigio: small memorials are found throughout the city, with candles aglow day and night to remember the victims.

With drought heightening risk, the mountainous countryside near Aigio was severely damaged by the 2007 Greek forest fires. Climate change has increased temperature extremes and other fires have broken out in years since.

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