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Thomas Cadwalader (1707–1779) was an American physician in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. After studying medicine with his uncle Dr. Evan Jones, he traveled to London, where he was an understudy of English surgeon William Cheselden. In France, he likely attended lectures at Rheims University. He lived for a while near Trenton, New Jersey, where he became the chief burgess in 1746. After returning to Philadelphia, he was elected in 1751 to the city's Common Council. He served on Pennsylvania's Provincial Council from 1755 until the Revolution. He was one of the founders of the Pennsylvania Hospital in 1751.<ref></ref>
Dr. Cadwalader was one of the first to inoculate patients against smallpox<ref></ref> He was a founder and director of the Library Company of Philadelphia, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, where he served as vice president from 1769 to 1770.<ref></ref>
His sons John and Lambert were active in the American Revolutionary War.
Cadwalader Park, in Trenton, New Jersey, was named in his family's honor. The park has an area of nearly , and was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and built starting in 1887.
