Place:St. Nicholas Hurst, Berkshire, England

source: Family History Library Catalog

source: Family History Library Catalog

source: Family History Library Catalog

the following text is based on an article in Wikipedia

The parish of St. Nicholas Hurst is located about 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Wokingham and 2 miles (3 km) south of Twyford in the county of Berkshire. It covers about 2.5 square miles (6.5 km2) and as such is the largest civil parish in the Borough of Wokingham.

The largest settlement in the parish is the village of Hurst. Until 1844 Hurst was a "detached part" of the county of Wiltshire. Hurst was also the name of the civil parish until 1866 when it became St. Nicholas Hurst.

St. Nicholas Hurst was part of the Charlton Hundred and the Wokingham Poor Law Union. The parish was located in the Bradfield Rural District from 1894 to 1974.

Source: The National Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland (1868). Transcribed by Colin Hinson ©2003 and found in GENUKI

"HURST, a parochial chapelry partly in the hundreds of Sonning and Charlton, county Berks, and partly in the hundred of Amesbury, county Wilts, 3 miles N.W. of Wokingham, 6 from Reading, its post town, and 3 from the Twyford station, on the Great Western railway. It contains the hamlets of Bean Wood, Broad Hinton, Newland, Winnersh, and Whistley Hurst. The Great Western railway intersects the parish. The living is a perpetual curacy with the curacy of Twyford annexed, in the diocese of Oxford, value £413, in the patronage of the bishop. The church, dedicated to St. Nicholas, is an ancient structure, containing monuments to the memory of Margaret, wife of Sir Henry Savile, founder of the Savilian professorship at Oxford, and to Sir Richard Harrison, who twice raised, at his own expense, a troop of cavalry for the service of Charles I. The parochial charities produce about £450 per annum, including the endowment of Barker and Twyford's almshouses, and of Polehampton's free school. Hurst Place is an old Elizabethan seat built by the lord-treasurer Ward, and once occupied by the queen of Bohemia, daughter of James I."

"BEARWOOD, a village in the parish of Hurst, hundred of Sonning, in the county of Berks, 2 miles to the S. [W!] of Wokingham. The living is a perpetual curacy in the diocese of Oxford, value £40, in the patronage of J. Walter, Esq., M.P. BearWood is the seat of the Walters."

"BROAD HINTON, a liberty in the parochial chapelry of Hurst, which was formerly in the hundred of Amesbury, in the county of Wilts, but is now included in the county of Berks, 3 miles to the N. of Wokingham."

"NEWLAND, a liberty in the parish of Hurst, hundred of Sonning, county Berks, 4 miles W. of Wokingham."

"WHISTLEY HURST, a liberty in the parish of Hurst, hundred of Charlton, county Berks, 5 miles N.E. of Reading."

"WINNERSH, a liberty in the parish of Hurst, county Berks, 3 miles N. of Wokingham."

Broad Hinton, Newland and Winnersh have all expanded since 1870 to be civil parishes in their own right. Bearwood and Whistley Hurst have been overtaken by St. Nicholas Hurst and have been redirected here.

Research Tips

Maps

• GENUKI's collection of maps for Berkshire. For basic reference are the two online maps Berkshire Parishes (highly recommended) and Berkshire Poor Law Union areas. These locate the individual parishes and indicate the urban and rural districts to which each belonged. There are many other maps listed, some covering specific parts of the county.
• Wikipedia's outline map of the unitary authorities, shown on many of their Berkshire pages, shows how the new divisions of government relate to the former districts. It has to be remembered that the county was reshaped in 1974 with the urban and rural districts of Abingdon and Faringdon and part of Wantage going to Oxfordshire, and the Borough of Slough (with Eton) coming in from Buckinghamshire. Every attempt is being made to indicate here in WeRelate the civil parishes, towns and villages for which these transfers occurred. Currently there are maps to be found on place pages that deal with civil parishes that transferred from Buckinghamshire into Berkshire. It is planned to provide maps within WeRelate for places that transferred from Berkshire to Oxfordshire--a much wider geographical area.
• The extensive collection provided by Genmaps is provided free of charge online (currently offline, March 2016).
• The Ordnance Survey has produced an up-to-date map of the boundaries of all the post-1974 districts throughout the country. This also shows the electoral constituency boundaries which are destined to change before 2020.

Online Historical References

• Berkshire Record Office. The Berkshire Record Office [BRO] was established in 1948 to locate and preserve records relating to the county of Berkshire and its people, and anyone who is interested in the county's past. As well as original documents, catalogues and indexes, there is a library at the Record Office.
• Berkshire Family History Society Research Centre. "The Berks FHS Centre can help you - wherever your ancestors came from. There is a Research Centre Library open to all."
• West Berkshire Museum, Newbury, is housed in a building with an interesting past, but is currently closed for redevelopment. No information on their collections.
• The GENUKI provision for Berkshire has been updated more recently than that for some of the other counties. A member of the Berkshire Family History Society is credited with this revision.
• The FamilySearch Wiki on Berkshire explains the jurisdictions relating to civil affairs, parishes and probate (wills and testaments) for each parish in the county and also outlines when these jurisdictions were in existence. Alterations required to cover the post-1974 period have not been carried out for every parish concerned.
• Brett Langston's list of Registration Districts in Berkshire will lead to specific parishes with dates.
• Local History Online is a compilation of websites from Berkshire local history clubs, societies and associations.
• The Berkshire section of The Victoria History of the Counties of England, in four volumes, is provided by British History Online. Volumes 3 and 4 provide an extensive history of the county, parish by parish, up to the end of the 19th century. There are local maps illustrating the text. Manors and their owners are discussed. Parishes are arranged in their original "hundreds"; the hundred for each placename in the Berkshire section of WeRelate will eventually be available.

Nineteenth Century Local Administration

English Jurisdictions is a webpage provided by FamilySearch which analyses every ecclesiastical parish in England at the year 1851. It provides, with the aid of outline maps, the date at which parish records and bishops transcripts begin, non-conformist denominations with a chapel within the parish, the names of the jurisdictions in charge: county, civil registration district, probate court, diocese, rural deanery, poor law union, hundred, church province; and links to FamilySearch historical records, FamilySearch Catalog and the FamilySearch Wiki. Two limitations: only England, and at the year 1851.

During the 19th century two bodies, the Poor Law Union and the Sanitary District, had responsibility for governmental functions at a level immediately above that covered by the civil parish. In 1894 these were replace by Rural and Urban Districts. These were elected bodies, responsible for setting local property assessments and taxes as well as for carrying out their specified duties. Thses districts continued in operation until 1974. Urban districts for larger municipalities were called "Municipal Boroughs" and had additional powers and obligations.

Poor Law Unions, established nationally in 1834, combined parishes together for the purpose of providing relief for the needy who had no family support. This led to the building of '"union poorhouses" or "workhouses" funded by all the parishes in the union. The geographical boundaries established for the individual Poor Law Unions were employed again when Registration Districts were formed three years later. In 1875 Sanitary Districts were formed to provide services such as clean water supply, sewage systems, street cleaning, and the clearance of slum housing. These also tended to follow the same geographical boundaries, although there were local alterations caused by changes in population distribution.