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Newhaven lies at the mouth of the River Ouse, which has historically migrated westward from Seaford, one of the Cinque Ports. A breakwater was built at the village of Meeching and a new outlet cut through the valley; the railway reached the port in 1847, enabling a train-ferry which brought great activity. The area then became known as the 'new haven', officially recognised as 'The Port of Newhaven' in 1882. The River Ouse has cut a valley through the South Downs. Over the centuries the river has migrated between Newhaven and Seaford in response to the growth and decay of the shingle spit (shoal) at its mouth. Throughout the Middle Ages, the main outlet and port of the Ouse was at Seaford. The growth of the shingle spit hindered the outflow of the river, which consequently flooded the levels upstream and hindered access to the port. Therefore, a channel through the shingle spit was cut in the mid-16th century below Castle Hill, creating access to a sheltered harbour, better than that at Seaford. This was the origin of modern Newhaven. However, shingle continued to accumulate and so the mouth of the Ouse began to migrate eastwards again. Under the Ouse Navigation Act (1790), a western breakwater was constructed to arrest longshore drift and so cut off the supply of shingle to the spit. A new outlet (The Cut) was built on the river's present course, below Castle Hill. The present breakwater was built in 1890. Newhaven was part of the Holmstrow Hundred until the abolition of hundreds at the end of the 19th century. Newhaven has an area of 7.2 km2 (2.8 sq mi) and a population of 12,232 according to the UK census of 2011. [edit] PortAlthough there are some signs of the derelict facilities that serviced the former train ferry operations, the port still sees a great deal of freight and passengers movement. International ferries run to the French port of Dieppe, Seine-Maritime, operated by DFDS Seaways. See also the the Port of Newhaven article in Wikipedia. [edit] HistoryFor more information, see the EN Wikipedia article Newhaven#History. [edit] Research Tips
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