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The Creek were one of the Five Civilized Tribes removed by the Jackson Administration in the 1830s from the southeastern United States to the area north of the Red River from the Republic of Texas and west of Arkansas in what is now east-central Oklahoma, centered on present-day Okmulgee (the capital of the Creek Nation as a modern political entity). Even after this area was organized as Indian Territory, white settlers continued to infiltrate both from Texas and from the United States, as well as traders and missionaries (especially Methodists).
 1873 map of the Creek Nation. |
