Person talk:Samuel Whitbread (1)

Ancestors & descendants of Samuel [26 July 2010]

Additions/corrections appreciated, I connect further back, thanks, Jim.

Generation One

1. Henry WHITBREAD, b. 1601, (son of William WHITBREAD and Elizabeth _____) baptized 2 Apr 1601 in Upper Gravenhurst, Bedfordshire, England, d. 1657 in Loughton, Buckinghamshire, ENG.

A different lineage (which is incorrect) is given for him in BURKE'S GENEALOGICAL AND HERALDIC HISTORY OF THE LANDED GENTRY INCLUDING AMERICAN FAMILIES WITH BRITISH ANCESTRY, London, 1939, p.2418.

Married 12 Oct 1625 in Upper Gravenhurst, Bedfordshire, England, Elizabeth FARNELL, (daughter of John FARNELL and Dorothy _____).

Children: 2. i. William b. c. 1626. ii. Elizabeth WHITBREAD, baptized 1 Mar 1628/9.

(1) Married 8 Aug 1650 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG, William EMPIE/IMPIE. (2) Married 14 Dec 1660 in Blunham, Bedfordshire, ENG, Stephen WHITBREAD.

iii. Dorothy WHITBREAD, b. c. 1631. iv. Alice WHITBREAD, b. c. 1633.

She married _____ CHURCH.

3. v. Henry. vi. Mary WHITBREAD, b. c. 1637. vii. John WHITBREAD, baptized 16 Apr 1639 in Upper Gravenhurst, Bedfordshire, England. viii. Thomas WHITBREAD, baptized 15 Oct 1640 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG. ix. Edward WHITBREAD, baptized 18 May 1642 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG.

Generation Two

2. William WHITBREAD, b. c. 1626, d. 4 Aug 1701, buried 12 Aug 1701 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG.

Married 2 Feb 1648/9 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG, Lettice LEEDS, (daughter of Edward LEEDS and Martha HAWES) buried 4 Jun 1698 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG.

Children: i. Martha WHITBREAD, baptized 17 Apr 1650 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG.

Marriage license 31 Jan 1671/2, John HOWARD.

ii. Elizabeth WHITBREAD, baptized 23 Oct 1651 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG, buried 25 Jan 1651 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG. iii. Lettice WHITBREAD, baptized 7 Jan 1652/3 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG.

Marriage license 19 May 1675, John WACE.

iv. Jonathan WHITBREAD, baptized 4 Jun 1656 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG. v. Alice WHITBREAD, baptized 6 Feb 1659 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG. vi. Dorothy WHITBREAD, b. Sept 1661, baptized 3 Oct 1661 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG.

Married 1686, John WILSHERE, b. Sept 1645, buried 14 Oct 1721 in Welwyn, Herts., ENG.

vii. William WHITBREAD, b. 29 May 1663 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG, baptized 27 Jun 1663 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG, buried 21 Aug 1665 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG. 4. viii. Henry. ix. Elizabeth WHITBREAD, baptized 21 May 1665 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG.

She married _____ SANDON.

x. Sarah WHITBREAD, baptized 7 Oct 1666 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG.

She married Richard HOUSMAN.

xi. William WHITBREAD, baptized 14 Feb 1667/8 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG.

3. Henry WHITBREAD, baptized 20 Sept 1635 in Upper Gravenhurst, Bedfordshire, England.

Res: Loughton, Bucks.

Married (see note 1), Alice WILKINSON.

Children: i. Mary WHITBREAD, baptized 12 Nov 1654 in Upper Gravenhurst, Bedfordshire, England.

Unsure I have Mary's correct parents.

Generation Three

4. Henry WHITBREAD, baptized 23 Mar 1664/5 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG, d. 13 Oct 1727.

Listed as brother of Samuel the brewer in Landed Gentry, p. 1793 (1886).

(1) Marriage license 26 May 1691 in London, ENG, Sarah IVE, (daughter of John IVE and unknown) d. 27 Dec 1710, buried 2 Jan 1710/1.

Children: i. Rachel WHITBREAD, b. 1692, d. 1757.

She married Oliver EDWARDS.

ii. Sarah WHITBREAD, buried 16 Mar 1699 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG. iii. Lettice WHITBREAD, baptized 8 Mar 1696 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG, d. 21 Dec 1721. iv. William WHITBREAD, b. 1693, d. 16 Jul 1721. v. John WHITBREAD, b. 1694, d. 12 Feb 1762. 5. vi. Ive b. 1700.

(2) Married 11/22 Dec 1717 in St. John's, Bedford, ENG, Elizabeth REED, (daughter of Philip REED and unknown) d. 9 Jan 1746.

Elizabeth: She 1m to _____ WINCH.

Children: vii. Henry WHITBREAD, b. 1718, d. 22 Apr 1742. 6. viii. Samuel b. 20 Aug 1720. ix. Elizabeth WHITBREAD.

Generation Four

5. Ive WHITBREAD, b. 1700, d. 7 May 1765.

Married 1691,1 Elizabeth HINDE, (daughter of Peter HINDE and unknown).

Children: 7. i. Jacob.

6. Samuel WHITBREAD, b. 20 Aug 1720 in Cardington, Bedfordshire, ENG,2 (see note 2), d. 8/11 Jun 1796,3,4 occupation brewer.

He is the founder of the Whitbread Brewery.

Samuel Whitbread, was born at Cardington near Bedford on 20th August, 1720. At the age of fourteen he was sent to London to be an apprentice at a brewery owned by John Whitman.

In 1742 Whitbread went into partnership with Thomas Shewell. Whitbread invested £2,600 in the two small breweries owned by the Shewell family. The Goat Brewhousemade porter and at Brick Lane they produced pale and amber beers.

The porter the company produced was particularly popular. This strong, black beer, was made from coarse barley and scorched malt. The attraction of porter to Samuel Whitbread was that unlike lighter beers, it could be made in very large containers. Whitbread found it difficult to keep up with demand and in 1750 he built a new brewery at Chiswell Street.

In 1751 a report was published suggesting that cheap gin was causing the deaths of large numbers of people. It was estimated that in London alone, every year gin was killing 9,000 children under the age of five. As a result of this information, Parliament passed legislation to control the sale of cheap gin. Over the next few years consumption of gin fell by three-quarters as customers switched to beer.

Brewers like Whitbread took advantage of this situation by promoting beer as a healthy, wholesome drink. By 1758 Whitbread was selling 65,000 barrels of porter a year. When Whitbread bought out Thomas Sewell for £30,000 in 1765, the company was one of the largest brewers of porter in England.

Samuel Whitbread married Harriet Hayton. In 1758 a son, Samuel Whitbread, was born. Harriet died in 1764 and five years later Whitbread married Mary Cornwallis. Tragically, the following year, Mary died in childbirth. The Whitbread Brewery continued to expand and in 1769 sales had reached 90,000 barrels a year. During that decade he made an average yearly profit of £18,000.

In 1786 Whitbread purchased a Boulton & Watt steam engine to grind malt and to pump water up to the boilers. This enabled the brewery to increase production to 143,000 barrels a year. This established Whitbread as the largest brewer in Britain.

Whitbread was now a very wealthy man and in 1791 purchase Lord Torrington's Southill Estate in Bedfordshire. When Samuel Whitbread died on 11th June 1796, the Gentleman's Magazine claimed that he was "worth over a million pounds". (Ref: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk./BUwhitbread.htm) Posted By: Matt Tompkins Email: Subject: Re: WHITBREAD in Bedfordshire, England 1500s Post Date: December 15, 1999 at 05:02:23 Message URL: http://genforum.genealogy.com/whitbread/messages/2.html Forum: Whitbread Family Genealogy Forum Forum URL: http://genforum.genealogy.com/whitbread/

Hi Mark,

I myself have just posted the first message on the new Ansted forum - it gives you a weird sense of discovery, doesn't it? (I claimed the newfoundland for my Queen, so it is now part of the sovereign territory of the United Kingdom - till it rebels, of course).

As to Whitbreads, I think it is likely that your line may be connected to the famous brewing dynasty. When Samuel Whitbread (1720-1796) first founded the Whitbread Brewery in 1742 the family were living in Cardington in Beds, not far from Gravenhurst. They still own a substantial country house at Southhill Park, not far away.

Samuel Whitbread was born at Cardington on 30 August 1720, the 7th of 8 children and the youngest of 5 sons. It is claimed that the family had been yeomen as far back as the 13th century (when, rather dubiously, they are said to have been called Blaunchpayne). Certainly Samuel's grandfather had been a Justice of the Peace and Receiver-General for Bedfordshire, and a soldier on the Parliamentarian side in the Civil War in the previous century.

One of Samuel's aunts married the father of John Howard, the great prison reformer and life-long friend of Samuel. Though Samuel was an Anglican, some of the family were members of John Bunyan's first nonconformist congregation in Cardington (so you may not always find them in the parish registers).

The brewery Samuel Whitbread founded is now one of the largest companies in the UK, but until just a couple of years ago it had always had a Whitbread on the Board, and it is still very proud of its history as a family company and maintains a full-time archivist. If you write to The Archivist, Whitbread PLC, The Brewery, Chiswell St, London EC4 2AA, United Kingdom, he may well be able to provide you with a great deal more information.

Good luck, Matt Tompkins, London .

(1) Married 1758,5 Harriot HAYTON, (daughter of William HAYTON and unknown) d. 1764.6

Children: 8. i. Samuel b. 1758. ii. Harriot WHITBREAD. iii. Emma-Maria-Elizabeth WHITBREAD, b. 1764,7 d. 16 Jul 1825.

Married 2 Dec 1780, Henry BEAUCHAMP.

(2) Married 18 Aug 1769,8,9 Mary CORNWALLIS, (daughter of Charles CORNWALLIS and unknown) d. 27 Dec 1770,10 (see note 3).

Children: iv. Mary WHITBREAD, b. 1770/82,11,12 d. 9 May 1858.

Married 18 Jun 1795, George GREY, (son of Charles GREY and Elizabeth GREY).

Generation Five

7. Jacob WHITBREAD.

He married Anna Elizabeth HINDE, (daughter of Jacob HINDE and unknown).

Children: 9. i. Jacob b. 29 Jan 1782.

8. Samuel WHITBREAD, b. 1758 (see note 4), d. 6 Jun 1815.13

Samuel Whitbread, the son of the brewer Samuel Whitbread, and Harriet Hayton, was born in Cardington, Bedfordshire in 1758. His mother died when he was a child and his father took great care over his only son. When Samuel was sent to Eton he was accompanied by his own private tutor. Samuel continued his education at Christ Church, Oxford and St. John's College, Cambridge, where he met his lifelong friend, Charles Grey.

After university Samuel Whitbread sent his son on a tour of Europe, under the guidance of the historian, William Coxe. This included visits to Denmark, Sweden, Russia, Poland, Prussia, France and Italy. When Samuel returned in May 1786, he joined his father running the extremely successful family brewing business.

In 1789 Samuel Whitbread married Elizabeth Grey, the sister of Charles Grey. The two men were deeply interested in politics. Grey was already MP for Northumberland and in 1790 Whitbread was elected MP for Bedford. In the House of Commons, Whitbread and Grey became followers of Charles Fox, the leader of the Radical Whigs.

Whitbread soon emerged in Parliament as a powerful critic of the Tory Prime Minister, William Pitt. A passionate supporter of reform, Whitbread argued for an extension of religious and civil rights, an end to the slave-trade, and the establishment of a national education system.

In April 1792, Whitbread joined with a group of pro-reform Whigs to form the Friends of the People. Three peers (Lord Porchester, Lord Lauderdale and Lord Buchan) and twenty-eight Whig MPs joined the group. Other leading members included Charles Grey, Richard Sheridan, Major John Cartwright, Lord John Russell,George Tierney, and Thomas Erskine. The main objective of the the society was to obtain "a more equal representation of the people in Parliament" and "to secure to the people a more frequent exercise of their right of electing their representatives". Charles Fox was opposed to the formation of this group as he feared it would lead to a split the Whig Party.

On 30th April 1792, Charles Grey introduced a petition in favour of constitutional reform. He argued that the reform of the parliamentary system would remove public complaints and "restore the tranquillity of the nation". He also stressed that the Friends of the People would not become involved in any activities that would "promote public disturbances". Although Charles Fox had refused to join the Friends of the People, in the debate that followed, he supported Grey's proposals. When the vote was taken, Grey's proposals were defeated by 256 to 91 votes.

In 1793 Samuel Whitbread toured the country making speeches on the need for parliamentary reform. He encouraged people to sign petitions at his meetings and when he returned to London they were presented to Parliament. Whitbread also campaigned on behalf of agricultural labourers. In the economic depression of 1795, Whitbread advocated the payment of higher wages. When Whitbread introduced his minimum wage bill to the House of Commons in December 1795 it was opposed by William Pitt and his Tory government and was easily defeated.

Whitbread was a strong supporter of a negotiated peace with France and supported Fox's calls to send a government minister to Paris. Whitbread argued for Catholic Emancipation and opposed the act for the suppression of rebellion in Ireland. His friend, Samuel Romilly, said that Whitbread was "the promoter of every liberal scheme for improving the condition of mankind, the zealous advocate of the oppressed, and the undaunted opposer of every species of corruption and ill-administration."

In 1807 Samuel Whitbread proposed a new Poor Law. His scheme not only involved an increase in the financial help given to the poor, but the establishment of a free educational system. Whitbread proposed that every child between the ages of seven and fourteen who was unable to pay, should receive two years' free education. The measure was seen as too radical and was easily defeated in the House of Commons.

Whitbread refused to be disillusioned by his constant defeats and during the next few years he made more speeches in the House of Commons than any other member. Sometimes his attacks on George III and his ministers were considered to be too harsh, even by his closest political friends.

Unable to persuade Parliament to accept his ideas, Whitbread used his considerable fortune (his father, Samuel Whitbread had died in 1796) to support good causes. Whitbread gave generous financial help to establish schools for the poor. An advocate of the monitorial system developed by Andrew Bell and Joseph Lancaster, he helped fund the Royal Lancasterian Society that had the objective of establishing schools that were not controlled by the Church of England.

When the Whigs gained power in 1806, Whitbread expected the Prime Minister, Lord Grenville, to offer him a place in his government. He was deeply disappointed when this did not happen. Some claimed it was because Whitbread was too radical. Others suggested it was due to snobbery and the aristocrats in the party disapproved of a tradesman entering the cabinet.

After this rejection, Whitbread consoled himself with his involvement in the Drury Lane Theatre. In 1809 the theatre was destroyed by fire. Already over £500,000 in debt, the theatre was in danger of going out of business. Whitbread became chairman of the committee set up to rebuild the theatre. With the help of his political friends, Whitbread managed to raise the necessary funds and the Drury Lane Theatre was reopened on 10th October, 1812.

In 1815 Whitbread began to suffer from depression. Over the years he had been upset by the way he was portrayed by the political cartoonists such as, James Gillray and George Cruikshank. He also began to worry about the brewery business and the way he was treated in the House of Commons. After one debate in June he told his wife: "They are hissing me. I am become an object of universal abhorrence." On the morning of 6th June 1815, Samuel Whitbread committed suicide by cutting his throat with a razor. (ref: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk./PRwhitbread.htm).

Married 1789, Elizabeth GREY, (daughter of Charles GREY and Elizabeth GREY).

Children: i. William Henry WHITBREAD, b. 4 Jan 1795,14,15 d. 1867,16,17 (see note 5).

Married 5 Nov 1845,18 Harriet SNEYD, (daughter of Wettenhall/E. SNEYD and unknown).

10. ii. Samuel Charles b. 1796. iii. Elizabeth WHITBREAD, b. 20 Dec 1791/3,19 d. 1 Mar 1843.

Married Aug 1812,20 William WALDEGRAVE.

iv. Emma Laura WHITBREAD, b. 19 Jan 1798, d. 20 Jun 1857.21

Married 24 Jun 1817,22 Charles SHAW-LEFEVRE, d. 28 Dec 1888.

Generation Six

9. Jacob WHITBREAD, b. 29 Jan 1782,23 d. 20 Jan 1809 in Rio.24

He married Louisa MITCHELL, (daughter of Samuel MITCHELL and unknown).

Children: 11. i. Jacob William Carey. ii. Charles Frederick WHITBREAD. iii. Gordon WHITBREAD, d. 29 Jan 1883.

He married Georgina Vassall FARWELL.

10. Samuel Charles WHITBREAD, b. 1796,25 d. 27 May 1879.26,27

(1) Married 28 Jun 1824,28 Juliana OTWAY, also known as TREVOR, (daughter of Henry OTWAY and unknown) d. 13 Oct 1858.29

Children: i. Samuel WHITBREAD III, b. 1830,30 d. 1895.31 ii. William WHITBREAD III, b. 1834,32 d. 1879.33

He married Laura ROBERTS.

iii. Juliana WHITEBREAD.

Married 1843,34 Thomas WILLIAM, d. 1870.35

iv. Gertrude WHITEBREAD.

Married 22 Jun 1861,36 Charles MILLS.

v. Elizabeth WHITEBREAD.

(2) Married 18 Feb 1868,37 Mary STEPHENSON, (daughter of William Charles STEPHENSON and unknown) d. 20 Sept 1884.38

Generation Seven

11. Jacob William Carey WHITBREAD, d. 1875.

He married Ellen Belfield FARWELL, b. 1813, d. 1891.

Children: i. Jacob Gordon Carey WHITBREAD, d. 1848 in d.s.p. ii. Howard WHITBREAD. iii. Benjamin Evelyn WHITBREAD. iv. Charles Frederick WHITBREAD. v. Maria Wlizabeth WHITBREAD.

She married Ebnervon ESCHENBACH.

vi. Irene Ellen WHITBREAD.

She married Alfred COURAGE.

Note 1 Unsure of this marriage. Note 2 Also listed as b 30 Aug (LG, 1939, p.2418). Note 3 Or d. 1782 according to An Uncommon Brewer. Note 4 Uncommon Brewery says b. 1764. Note 5 D.S.P.

1 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1973. 2 Ritchie, Berry, An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread, 1742-1992 (James & James, London, ENG, 1992), 11. 3 Ritchie, Berry, An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread, 1742-1992 (James & James, London, ENG, 1992), inside back cover. 4 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1972. 5 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1863), pt.2, p.1649. 6 Ritchie, Berry, An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread, 1742-1992 (James & James, London, ENG, 1992), 25. 7 Ritchie, Berry, An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread, 1742-1992 (James & James, London, ENG, 1992), 25. 8 Ritchie, Berry, An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread, 1742-1992 (James & James, London, ENG, 1992), 25. 9 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1972. 10 Ritchie, Berry, An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread, 1742-1992 (James & James, London, ENG, 1992), 25. 11 Ritchie, Berry, An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread, 1742-1992 (James & James, London, ENG, 1992), 25. 12 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1972. 13 Ritchie, Berry, An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread, 1742-1992 (James & James, London, ENG, 1992), inside back cover. 14 Ritchie, Berry, An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread, 1742-1992 (James & James, London, ENG, 1992), inside back cover. 15 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1972. 16 Ritchie, Berry, An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread, 1742-1992 (James & James, London, ENG, 1992), inside back cover. 17 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1972. 18 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1972. 19 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1972. 20 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1972. 21 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1972. 22 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1972. 23 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1973. 24 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1973. 25 Ritchie, Berry, An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread, 1742-1992 (James & James, London, ENG, 1992), inside back cover. 26 Ritchie, Berry, An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread, 1742-1992 (James & James, London, ENG, 1992), inside back cover. 27 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1973. 28 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1972. 29 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1972. 30 Ritchie, Berry, An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread, 1742-1992 (James & James, London, ENG, 1992), inside back cover. 31 Ritchie, Berry, An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread, 1742-1992 (James & James, London, ENG, 1992), inside back cover. 32 Ritchie, Berry, An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread, 1742-1992 (James & James, London, ENG, 1992), inside back cover. 33 Ritchie, Berry, An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread, 1742-1992 (James & James, London, ENG, 1992), inside back cover. 34 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1972. 35 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1972. 36 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1972. 37 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1973. 38 Burke, Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britian & Ireland (Harrison, Pall Mall, London, 1886), 1973.--Jim LaLone 12:16, 26 July 2010 (EDT)