Person:Orville Wright (1)

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Orville Wright (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) and Wilbur Wright (April 16, 1867 – May 30, 1912), together known as the Wright brothers, were American aviation pioneers generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful motor-operated airplane. They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft with the Wright Flyer on December 17, 1903, south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, at what is now known as Kill Devil Hills. The brothers were also the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.

In 1904–1905, the Wright brothers developed their flying machine to make longer-running and more aerodynamic flights with the Wright Flyer II, followed by the first truly practical fixed-wing aircraft, the Wright Flyer III. The brothers' breakthrough was their creation of a three-axis control system, which enabled the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively and to maintain its equilibrium. This method remains standard on fixed-wing aircraft of all kinds.^[1] From the beginning of their aeronautical work, Wilbur and Orville focused on developing a reliable method of pilot control as the key to solving "the flying problem". This approach differed significantly from other experimenters of the time who put more emphasis on developing powerful engines. Using a small home-built wind tunnel, the Wrights also collected more accurate data than any before, enabling them to design more efficient wings and propellers.^[1][2] Their first U.S. patent did not claim invention of a flying machine, but rather a system of aerodynamic control that manipulated a flying machine's surfaces.

The brothers gained the mechanical skills essential to their success by working for years in their Dayton, Ohio-based shop with printing presses, bicycles, motors, and other machinery. Their work with bicycles, in particular, influenced their belief that an unstable vehicle such as a flying machine could be controlled and balanced with practice.^[2] This was a trend, as many other aviation pioneers were also dedicated cyclists and involved in the bicycle business in various ways. From 1900 until their first powered flights in late 1903, the brothers conducted extensive glider tests that also developed their skills as pilots. Their shop mechanic Charles Taylor became an important part of the team, building their first airplane engine in close collaboration with the brothers.

The Wright brothers' status as inventors of the airplane has been subject to counter-claims by various parties. Much controversy persists over the many competing claims of early aviators. Edward Roach, historian for the Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park, argues that they were excellent self-taught engineers who could run a small company, but they did not have the business skills or temperament to dominate the growing aviation industry.

1. ↑ Wright State University Archives, Wright Brothers Collection.

   http://www.libraries.wright.edu/special/wright_brothers/wbguide/hist.html

2.   Dayton Metro Library, Wright Brothers Collection.

   http://home.dayton.lib.oh.us/archives/wbcollection/wbbiog.html

3.   Woodland Cemetery Database.

   http://www.woodlandcemetery.org/

4. ↑ ^4.0 4.1 Wright, Orville. Death Certificate
   31 Jan 1948.

   
   Ohio Department of Health. Certificate of Death.
   Place of Death: Miami Valley Hospital, Dayton, Montgomery County, Ohio.
   Length of stay: 3 days.
   In this community: 76 years, 4 months, 11 days.
   Full name: Orville Wright
   Sex: male
   Marriage: single
   Birth date: 19 August 1871
   Age: 76 years, 4 months, 11 days
   Usual occupation: Inventor of Airplanes
   Father: Milton Wright
   Father's birthplace: Rushville, Indiana
   Mother's maiden name: Susan Koerner
   Mother's birthplace: Hillsboro, Va.
   Informant's signature: Mrs. Harold S. Miller
   Informant's address: 1820 Ruskin Rd., Dayton, Ohio
   Burial: 2 February 1948
   Place: Woodland Cemetery
   Embalmer: Forrest D. Timmons, Louis P. Boyer, 609 Riverview Ave., Dayton, O.
   Date received local registrar: 2 February 1948
   Usual residence: Harmon & Park Avenues, Oakwood, Montgomery County, Ohio
   Date of death: 30 January 1948
   Hour: 10:40 p.m.
   Physician attended from 10 October 1947 to 30 January 1948
   Cause of death: coronary occusion, duration, 3 days
   due to sclerosis
   due to pulmonary congestion, duration, 3 days
   Signature:  ? illegible, 60 Wyoming St., Dayton, Ohio, signed 31 January 1948
   

5.   Wilbur and Orville Wright Papers.

   http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/wrighthtml/

6.   Wright brothers, in Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia.
7.   Orville Wright, in Find A Grave.
8. ↑ Ohio, United States. Ohio, County Births, 1841-2003.

   Name: Orville Wright
   Event Type: Birth
   Event Date: 19 Aug 1871
   Event Place: Dayton, Montgomery, Ohio
   Gender: Female
   Race: W
   Father's Name: Milton Wright
   Mother's Name: Sucan F. Roomer
   
   Name is on line 8

9.   Montgomery, Ohio, United States. 1940 U.S. Census Population Schedule. (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration Publication T627)
   Oakwood City, Oakwood Township, ED) 57-48, sheet 16A, family 359, .

   Orville Wright (m) 68 OH Single White
   Last Place of Residence: Same House
   
   Household Role Gender Age Birthplace
   Orville Wright Head M 68 Ohio
   Carrie Gumbach Servant F 54 Ohio
   Charles Gumbach Servant's husband M 62 Ohio

10.   .

    1920 United States Federal Census
    
    View 1920 United States Federal Census
    View blank form
    Name: Orvill Wright
    [Orville Wright]
    Age: 48
    Birth Year: abt 1872
    Birthplace: Ohio
    Home in 1920: Van Buren, Montgomery, Ohio
    Street: Hannon Avenue
    House Number: X
    Residence Date: 1920
    Race: White
    Gender: Male
    Relation to Head of House: Head
    Marital status: Single
    Father's Birthplace: Indiana
    Mother's Birthplace: Virginia
    Able to Speak English: Yes
    Occupation: Acemantical Research
    Industry: Engineer
    Employment Field: Own Account
    Home Owned or Rented: Own
    Home Free or Mortgaged: Free
    Able to Read: Yes
    Able to Write: Yes
    Neighbors: View others on page
    Household Members:
    Name Age
    Orvill Wright 48
    Catheryn Wright 45
    Charles Grumbach 36
    Carrie Grumbach 31
    Source Citation
    Year: 1920; Census Place: Van Buren, Montgomery, Ohio; Roll: T625_1423; Page: 5B; Enumeration District: 237