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Eleonora Gonzaga (23 September 1598 – 27 June 1655), was born a Princess of Mantua as a member of the House of Gonzaga, and by marriage to Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia. Nicknamed the Elder to distinguish herself from her namesake great-niece, during her tenure, the Imperial court in Vienna became one of the centers of European Baroque music. As Empress, Eleanora was a supporter of the Counter-Reformation.
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